Science X Newsletter Tue, May 7

Dear manoj dole,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for May 7, 2024:

Technology news

	A framework to detect hallucinations in the text generated by LLMs Large language models (LLMs) are advanced AI-based dialogue systems that can answer user queries and generate convincing texts following human instructions. After the advent of ChatGPT, the highly performing model developed by OpenAI, these models have become increasingly popular, and more companies are now investing in their development.
	Scientists create robot snails that can move independently using tracks or work together to climb A team of roboticists at the Chinese University of Hong Kong has created a robot snail with a helmet-like shell that moves by rolling around on bulldozer-like tracks. They have published a paper on their research in Nature Communications.
	Why getting in touch with our 'gerbil brain' could help machines listen better Macquarie University researchers have debunked a 75-year-old theory about how humans determine where sounds are coming from, and it could unlock the secret to creating a next generation of more adaptable and efficient hearing devices ranging from hearing aids to smartphones.
	Australian engineers develop an ultrasonic cold brew coffee machine A new method to deliver a quality cold brew coffee in less than three minutes solidifies Australia's position as the innovators of modern coffee, according to researchers from The University of Queensland.
	Researchers engineer sound-suppressing silk to reduce noise transmission in a large room We are living in a very noisy world. From the hum of traffic outside your window to the next-door neighbor's blaring TV to sounds from a co-worker's cubicle, unwanted noise remains a resounding problem.
	New process brings commercialization of CO₂ utilization technology to produce formic acid one step closer CCU (carbon capture and utilization), which captures CO2 and converts it into useful compounds, is crucial for rapidly transitioning to a carbon-neutral society. While CCS (carbon capture and storage), which only involves CO2 storage, has entered the initial commercialization stage due to its relatively simple process and low operational costs, CCU has only been explored at the research level due to the complexity of conversion processes and high production costs of compounds.
	Computer scientists discover vulnerability in cloud server hardware used by AMD and Intel chips Public cloud services employ special security technologies. Computer scientists at ETH Zurich have now discovered a gap in the latest security mechanisms used by AMD and Intel chips. This affects major cloud providers.
	Researchers say cybersecurity education varies widely in US Cybersecurity programs vary dramatically across the country, a review has found. The authors argue that program leaders should work with professional societies to make sure graduates are well-trained to meet industry needs in a fast-changing field.
	Nintendo to announce Switch successor in this fiscal year as profits rise Japanese video-game maker Nintendo said Tuesday that it will make an announcement about a successor to its Switch home console sometime before March 2025.
	A second life for discarded lithium-ion cells In 2030, around 1.2 million lithium-ion batteries of electric cars, buses and construction machinery will be decommissioned worldwide because they will reach the end of their planned service life, their warranty will expire or the entire vehicles will be scrapped.
	Smartphone app can unmask forged documents Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a smartphone app that can be used to check the authenticity of documents and other items. Extracts from the debt enforcement register of the City of Zurich are being made forgery-proof as part of a pilot project.
	Apple's biggest announcements from its iPad event: brighter screen, faster chips and the Pencil Pro Apple on Tuesday unveiled its next generation of iPad Pros and Airs—models that will boast faster processors, new sizes and a new display system as part of the company's first update to its tablet lineup in more than a year.
	Q&A: Economist says EVs can help drive US to carbon-neutral power grid Vehicle standards recently announced by the Environmental Protection Agency establish stringent new goals for manufacturers to slash greenhouse gas emissions and other forms of pollution, pushing the industry to accelerate a transition to electric vehicles.
	Streamlined life-cycle assessments of natural gas systems can inform near-term energy transition The natural gas industry is one of the largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters in the United States, and significant amounts of natural gas are used for electricity, heating, and industrial and chemical processes. Strategies like electrification of process equipment could cut GHG emissions in natural gas systems and accelerate transitioning today's energy system to 100% clean electricity by 2035.
	New software trained on photographic database may allow facial recognition beneath the mask During the COVID-19 pandemic, facemasks became almost ubiquitous and still are in some environments. There is a need for face recognition to be able to "see behind the mask" for security and safety.
	Using artificial ground reflectors to boost the efficacy of solar panels Solar energy is a crucial asset in the fight against climate change, and researchers at the University of Ottawa have devised a smart approach to optimize its effectiveness. Their innovative method includes incorporating artificial ground reflectors, a simple yet powerful enhancement.
	Engineers evaluate reliability of pressure relief valves for liquid natural gas tanks in train derailment scenarios Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) has helped determine the viability of pressure relief valves for liquid natural gas tanks in the event of a train derailment for the Federal Rail Administration (FRA). The report from the FRA shows that a study conducted by SwRI demonstrates that the pressure relief valves work as designed to prevent overpressurization and explosion if a derailment occurs.
	New large learning model shows how AI might shape LGBTQIA+ advocacy "AI Comes Out of the Closet" is a large learning model (LLM)-based online system that leverages artificial intelligence-generated dialog and virtual characters to create complex social interaction simulations. These simulations allow users to experiment with and refine their approach to LGBTQIA+ advocacy in a safe and controlled environment.
	Researcher explains why we should care more about converging technologies Professor Dirk Helbing of ETH Zurich and Austria's Complexity Science Hub expects future digital technologies to penetrate the human body even more in the future. However, he believes that society is not prepared for the risks involved. In a new article, he puts forward a new legal framework to protect our most intimate data from misuse.
	Amazon says will invest $9 billion in Singapore Amazon said Tuesday it would invest US$9 billion in Singapore over the next four years to expand its cloud computing capabilities in the city.
	US seeks information from Tesla on how it developed and verified whether Autopilot recall worked Federal highway safety investigators want Tesla to tell them how and why it developed the fix in a recall of more than 2 million vehicles equipped with the company's Autopilot partially automated driving system.
	Strengthening Swiss hydropower with science Researchers at ETH Zurich led by Robert Boes are developing specific solutions to optimize electricity production from Swiss hydropower plants. This will ensure that hydropower remains the backbone of Switzerland's electricity supply in the future.
	TikTok challenges potential US ban in court TikTok and its Chinese parent company ByteDance filed a legal challenge against the United States on Tuesday, taking aim at a law that would force the app to be sold or face a US ban.
	Advancing satellite-based PNT service: Low Earth orbit satellite constellations augment the GNSS A study has outlined the critical needs and essential technologies for a low Earth orbit (LEO) constellation to augment satellite navigation systems, significantly improving the Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) services. This research specifically targets the diverse demands of different users for LEO augmented Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), the possible contribution of LEOs to PNT performances, and the key technologies referring to the LEO-based navigation augmentation system.

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