Science X Newsletter Fri, Dec 1

Dear manoj dole,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for December 1, 2023:

Technology news

	Trick prompts ChatGPT to leak private data While OpenAI's first words on its company website refer to a "safe and beneficial AI," it turns out your personal data is not as safe as you believed. Google researchers announced this week that they could trick ChatGPT into disclosing private user data with a few simple commands.
	Researchers discover hidden structure in networks like Twitter Researchers at the University of Sydney have discovered new structural relationships in complex networks, such as X (formerly Twitter) and political blogs, that could help explain the digital flow of information.
	A color-based sensor to emulate skin's sensitivity for wearables and soft robotics In a step toward more autonomous soft robots and wearable technologies, EPFL researchers have created a device that uses color to simultaneously sense multiple mechanical and temperature stimuli.
	Boosting faith in the authenticity of open source software Open source software—software that is freely distributed, along with its source code, so that copies, additions, or modifications can be readily made —is "everywhere," to quote the 2023 Open Source Security and Risk Analysis Report. Of the computer programs used by major industries, 96% include open source software, and 76% of those programs consists of open source software. But the percentage of software packages "containing security vulnerabilities remains troublingly high," the report warned.
	AI researchers introduce GAIA: A benchmark testing tool for general AI assistants A team of researchers affiliated with AI startups Gen AI, Meta, AutoGPT, HuggingFace and Fair Meta, has developed a benchmark tool for use by makers of AI assistants, particularly those that make Large Language Model based products, to test their applications as potential Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) applications. They have written a paper describing their tool, which they have named GAIA, and how it can be used. The article is posted on the arXiv preprint server.
	To help autonomous vehicles make moral decisions, researchers ditch the 'trolley problem' Researchers have developed a new experiment to better understand what people view as moral and immoral decisions related to driving vehicles, with the goal of collecting data to train autonomous vehicles how to make "good" decisions. The work is designed to capture a more realistic array of moral challenges in traffic than the widely discussed life-and-death scenario inspired by the so-called "trolley problem."
	Researchers have taught an algorithm to 'taste' For non-connoisseurs, picking out a bottle of wine can be challenging when scanning an array of unfamiliar labels on the shop shelf. What does it taste like? What was the last one I bought that tasted so good?
	Tesla delivers about a dozen stainless steel Cybertruck pickups as it tries to fix production woes With manufacturing kinks still to be worked out, Tesla delivered the first dozen or so of its futuristic Cybertruck pickups to customers Thursday, two years behind the original schedule amid uncertainty over when large-scale production will begin.
	Meta sues US regulator to stop privacy settlement change Meta filed a lawsuit late Wednesday arguing that US regulators planning to change the terms of a 2020 privacy settlement are overstepping their authority and should be stopped.
	COP28: Why energy efficiency matters so much If we are to save the planet, we are going to have to use energy far more efficiently.
	EU backs rules to protect digital devices from cyber threats The European Parliament and EU member states backed new rules to make digital products connected to the internet like fridges, laptops, TVs and toys safer from cyber threats.
	Trained AI models exhibit learned disability bias, researchers say A growing number of organizations are using sentiment analysis tools from third-party artificial intelligence (AI) services to categorize large amounts of text into negative, neutral or positive sentences for social applications ranging from health care to policymaking. These tools, however, are driven by learned associations that often contain biases against persons with disabilities, according to researchers from the Penn State College of Information Sciences and Technology (IST).
	Disasters at sea trigger ship-safety advances When one of the world's largest container ships crashed into the bank of the Suez Canal in 2021, a major gateway for global trade became blocked with an estimated $9.6 billion in daily commerce being held up.
	ChatGPT and the law: A useful but imperfect tool AI content generators like ChatGPT will never replace lawyers and judges, but they're increasingly being used in the legal field.
	Using drones to protect wind turbines from ice Damp, cold conditions are the enemy of wind power. If a layer of ice forms on the rotor blades, this can result in rotational imbalance and, hence, increased wear. In such cases, the turbines often have to be shut down for several days, leading to massive losses for the operators due to the pause in electricity production.
	FTX and Binance: How latest crypto scandals could influence public opinion on digital currency regulation True believers in cryptocurrency have had a rough few weeks. The US government just fined Binance—the world's largest crypto exchange—US$4.3 billion (£3.4 billion) for its involvement in money laundering.
	A drone with microphone arrays to hear and help victims in disaster zones When a natural disaster such as an earthquake occurs, every minute counts. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are often used to assist the search for survivors as they can provide an initial overview of difficult-to-reach areas and help to detect victims—provided they are visible.
	Converting a steel mill to climate-neutral steel production Steel production causes significant emissions of carbon dioxide. To decarbonize steel production and its high carbon dioxide emissions, Fraunhofer researchers, TS ELINO GmbH and Salzgitter AG are working on converting an existing steel mill to climate-neutral production methods.
	Rise of the web's 'pay for privacy' model Users of Facebook and Instagram in Europe can now pay to opt out of the onerous data sharing obligations imposed by parent company Meta, which sells the data to advertising clients.
	Replicating the structure of bird feathers with rubber nanostructures The eastern bluebird is a special bird. The blue of its feathers is unique. However, this color is not based on pigments but on the special structure of the feather. Viewed under the microscope, the feathers are traversed by a network of channels with a diameter of just a few hundred nanometers.
	How spider silk research led to a new kind of microphone The human ability to notice the world around us is made possible by our sense organs—eyes, ears, nose, skin and tongue—which are so efficient that most people don't consciously think about them. Others, like Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering Ron Miles, have always had a "sense" for them.
	Experiments with AI to make historic city centers accessible Offering citizens information that promotes physical accessibility with the help of technology and navigation devices would make cities smarter and more inclusive. A young researcher at Politecnico di Milano has used Artificial Intelligence (AI) to identify the differences between streets and pavements made of cobblestones, sanpietrini and bricks, with widely varying heights and widths, which characterize and make historical cities typical but also are an element of difficulty for the elderly and people with motor disabilities.
	When deep learning meets active learning in the era of foundation models A Chinese research team wrote a review article on deep active learning, an increasingly popular method of combining active learning with deep learning for sample selection in the training of neural networks for artificial intelligence tasks. It was published in Intelligent Computing.
	First trailer for "Grand Theft Auto VI" on December 5 Rockstar Games said it will release a trailer next Tuesday for the first installment in a decade of "Grand Theft Auto," video-gaming's controversial blockbuster.
	US judge halts pending TikTok ban in Montana A federal judge on Thursday temporarily blocked a ban on TikTok set to come into effect next year in Montana, saying the popular video sharing app was likely to win its pending legal challenge.
	Russian pleads guilty in US to role in Trickbot malware scheme A Russian man pleaded guilty on Thursday to involvement in developing the Trickbot malware used to extort businesses, including hospitals during the COVID pandemic, the US Justice Department said.
	EU states lag behind renewable power targets for 2030, finds report European Union states set themselves lower targets for renewable power generation by 2030 than demanded under EU legislation, according to a report published on Friday.
	EU wants to know how Meta tackles child sex abuse The EU on Friday demanded Instagram-owner Meta provide more information about measures taken by the company to address child sexual abuse online.
	Using laptops and similar devices safely on aircraft The number of incidents involving damaged electronic devices on board aircraft has increased in recent years. Most of these are caused by lithium-ion batteries, which are found in laptops and other portable electronic devices.
	New US rules, aimed at curbing China, could make it harder for EV buyers to claim a full tax credit Americans could have a harder time finding electric vehicles that qualify for a full $7,500 federal tax credit under new rules proposed Friday that are likely to hinder President Joe Biden's goal that half of new passenger vehicles sold in the U.S. run on electricity by 2030.
	Walmart latest big advertiser to pull out of Musk's X amid widening concerns over hate speech, reach Walmart is the latest company to join the growing flock of major advertisers to pull spending from X, Elon Musk's beleaguered social media company, amid concerns about hate speech—as well as reaching a sizeable audience on the platform.
	UK unveils £11 bn windfarm investment by UAE, German firms UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak announced Friday plans by UAE state-owned renewables firm Masdar and German energy giant RWE to invest up to £11 billion ($14 billion) in a giant offshore windfarm.

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