Science X Newsletter Wed, Dec 13

Dear manoj dole,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for December 13, 2023:

Technology news

	An approach to realize Potts annealing using single-photon avalanche diodes Massively parallel annealing processors, where the computing nodes on a single processor can simultaneously perform a series of coordinated operations, could have a huge potential for tackling complex sampling and optimization problems. Electronics engineers and physicists worldwide have thus been trying to devise new approaches that enable the realization of these devices.
	Scientists tackle AI bias with polite prodding The troubling presence of racial bias in AI output may be easier to contain than many thought. Scientists at AI research company Anthropic say a little politeness may just do the trick, at least in some instances.
	Extracting uranium from seawater as another source of nuclear fuel Oceans cover most of Earth's surface and support a staggering number of lifeforms, but they're also home to a dilute population of uranium ions. And—if we can get these particular ions out of the water—they could be a sustainable fuel source to generate nuclear power.
	Closed-loop recycling of organic flexible electronic devices paves way for sustainable wearable electronics A research team led by Professor Kyoseung Sim in the Department of Chemistry at UNIST has achieved a milestone in sustainable wearable devices. Their cutting-edge method enables closed-loop recycling of organic electronic materials, addressing environmental concerns and paving the way for a sustainable future in the electronic device industry.
	Cognitive strategies for augmenting the body with a wearable, robotic arm Neuroengineer Silvestro Micera has developed advanced technological solutions to help people regain sensory and motor functions that have been lost due to traumatic events or neurological disorders. Until now, he had never before worked on enhancing the human body and cognition with the help of technology.
	Researchers develop spintronic probabilistic computers compatible with current AI Researchers at Tohoku University and the University of California, Santa Barbara, have shown a proof-of-concept of energy-efficient computer compatible with current AI. It utilizes a stochastic behavior of nanoscale spintronics devices and is particularly suitable for probabilistic computation problems such as inference and sampling.
	This adaptive roof tile can cut both heating and cooling costs About half of an average American building's energy consumption is spent on heating and cooling. That's a lot of money spent, fossil fuel burned and strain on an aging energy infrastructure during times of severe temperatures.
	Understanding attention in large language models Chatbot users often recommend treating a series of prompts like a conversation, but how does the chatbot know what you're referring back to? A new study reveals the mechanism used by transformer models—like those driving modern chatbots—to decide what to pay attention to.
	A new system for producing green hydrogen cheaply and efficiently What does it take to produce green hydrogen more efficiently and cheaply? Apparently, small ruthenium particles and a solar-powered system for water electrolysis. This is the solution proposed by a joint team involving the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (Italian Institute of Technology, IIT) of Genoa, and BeDimensional S.p.A. (an IIT spin-off).
	Pew survey: YouTube tops teens' social-media diet, with roughly a sixth using it almost constantly Teen usage of social media hasn't dropped much, despite rising concerns about its effects on the mental health of adolescents, a survey from the Pew Research Institute found.
	US proposes replacing engine-housing parts on Boeing jets like one involved in passenger's death Federal officials are proposing modifications and additional inspections on nearly 2,000 Boeing planes in the United States to prevent a repeat of the engine-housing breakup that killed a passenger on a Southwest Airlines flight in 2018.
	Big tech stumbles in Google's Epic defeat Google' stinging defeat against Fortnite-maker Epic Games in a California courtroom could be an important blow against big tech's decades of supremacy on antitrust matters in the United States.
	Netflix releases vast viewing data for first time Netflix for the first time published detailed viewing figures about thousands of its shows and movies Tuesday, offering an unprecedented glimpse into the world-leading streaming platform's top hits and highest-profile flops.
	EU backs rules to improve app workers' conditions The European Parliament and EU member states struck a landmark deal Wednesday to strengthen conditions for those working through apps, such as ride-hailing drivers.
	Free electric vehicle charging at work? It's possible with optimum solar The global surge in electric vehicle sales has prompted an Australian university to explore how it could offer free or nominal EV charging facilities to staff and students by optimizing its solar PV system and minimizing workplace electricity costs.
	Can AI be too good to use? Much of the discussion around implementing artificial intelligence systems focuses on whether an AI application is "trustworthy": Does it produce useful, reliable results, free of bias, while ensuring data privacy? But a new paper published Dec. 7 in Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence poses a different question: What if an AI is just too good?
	Engineers design safer and more comfortable football equipment The University of Missouri football team has been on a hot streak this season, ranking nationally and dominating games against SEC rivals. Now, Mizzou engineering students are designing new equipment to make sure players stay comfortable on the field.
	Why a new wave of solar panels may lose their spark too soon The newest photovoltaic systems may promise to be the most efficient ever produced, but question marks about their longevity mean they risk proving to be a false economy.
	Stanford launches emerging-tech project co-led by Hoover Institution's Condoleezza Rice Former U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice is helping lead a new Stanford University initiative to provide "one-stop shopping" for government, businesses and the public to obtain timely information about new and evolving technologies.
	Like cereal, AI needs 'nutrition labels,' AI CEO Q&A People should demand transparency in artificial intelligence like they do in their breakfast food, says Mike Capps, whose Raleigh company Howso allows users to see how AI arrives at its conclusions.
	California will mandate electric school buses. But rural districts say they don't work In California's vast northern rural school districts, with their mountain passes and long, snowy winters, the typical electric bus' range is not nearly enough. West Valley is one of Lassen High's nearest athletic opponents. One of the farthest, Yreka High, is 169 miles away.
	Humanoid robot working in a Spanx warehouse In what GXO Logistics calls "a proof-of-concept pilot," a human-centric machine by that name is moving tote boxes in a Spanx warehouse in Flowery Branch, Georgia, that is managed by the global, Connecticut-based company. The 5-foot, 9-inch robot does "repetitive tasks" in a warehouse like moving items onto conveyor belts, according to GXO spokeswoman Fallon McLoughlin.
	Musk's X 2023 ad sales projected to slump to about $2.5 billion Elon Musk's X, the social network formerly known as Twitter, is on track to bring in roughly $2.5 billion in advertising revenue in 2023—a significant slump from prior years, according to people familiar with the matter.
	Tesla recalls nearly all vehicles sold in US to fix system that monitors drivers using Autopilot Tesla is recalling nearly all vehicles sold in the U.S., more than 2 million, to update software and fix a defective system that's supposed to ensure drivers are paying attention when using Autopilot.
	New EU gig worker rules will sort out who should get the benefits of full-time employees In a bid to improve working conditions for people who deliver food and offer rides through smartphone apps, the European Union gave provisional approval Wednesday to rules that determine who should get the benefits of full-time employees and restrict the way online platforms use algorithms to manage their workers.
	OpenAI to pay Axel Springer to use journalism in ChatGPT Axel Springer said Wednesday it was partnering up with the maker of ChatGPT, OpenAI, which will pay the German media group to include its journalism in responses generated by the chatbot.
	What Tesla Autopilot does, why it's being recalled and how the company plans to fix it Tesla introduced Autopilot software in October of 2015 with CEO Elon Musk heralding it as a profound experience for people.
	Light-stimulated adaptive artificial synapse based on nanocrystalline metal-oxide film The quest for more efficient and versatile computing methods has given rise to innovative solutions, moving beyond traditional digital architectures. The limitations of the von Neumann architecture, which separates memory from processing units, have prompted the exploration of new frontiers in artificial intelligence.
	Resource-efficient, climate-friendly sodium-ion batteries The transition to a society without fossil fuels means that the need for batteries is increasing at a rapid pace. At the same time, the increase will mean a shortage of the metals lithium and cobalt, which are key components in the most common battery types. One option is a sodium-ion battery, where table salt and biomass from the forest industry make up the main raw materials.
	Once is enough: Helping robots learn quickly in new environments Alone at home, your bones creaky due to old age, you crave a cool beverage. You turn to your robot and say, "Please get me a tall glass of water from the refrigerator." Your AI-trained companion obliges. Soon, your thirst is quenched.
	Copy and paste: New AI tool helps computers interpret the world Copy and paste: It's a simple concept. You define some text or image on your computer, copy it, and paste it where you want it. Now, think of that new leather sofa you crave. Popular augmented reality (AR) apps allow you to cut and paste an image of the sofa into a photo of your living room to see if you like it before buying.
	Apple now requires court orders in U.S. to access push notification data Apple is now requiring that U.S. law enforcement agencies obtain a court order for information on its customers' push notifications, the alerts that iPhone apps send users that can reveal a lot about their online activity.
	More range for electric vehicle batteries on the horizon A seemingly simple shift in lithium-ion battery manufacturing could pay big dividends, improving electric vehicles' (EV) ability to store more energy per charge and to withstand more charging cycles, according to new research led by the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
	Women may pay a 'mom penalty' when AI is used in hiring, research suggests Maternity-related employment gaps may cause job candidates to be unfairly screened out of positions for which they are otherwise qualified, according to new research from NYU Tandon School of Engineering.
	E-cars will soon be cheaper than combustion engine vehicles, German researchers say As early as 2025, an average midsize battery-electric vehicle will be cheaper than a comparable combustion engine vehicle. This is the conclusion of a study conducted by scientists at Forschungszentrum Jülich. The researchers developed a model that they used to assess the expected future costs in the transport sector and look at the resulting scenarios for achieving climate protection goals.
	China shows off homegrown C919 jet in Hong Kong China's new domestically produced passenger jet made its debut outside the mainland on Wednesday, with international media in Hong Kong getting their first up-close look.
	With eye on China, Dutch and Koreans vow stronger chip ties The leaders of South Korea and the Netherlands vowed Wednesday to bolster co-operation in the critical semiconductor sector, amid growing tensions between China and the West over the technology.

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