Science X Newsletter Mon, Dec 18

Dear manoj dole,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for December 18, 2023:

Technology news

	New 'n-i-p' perovskite/organic hybrid tandem solar cells with efficiencies over 23% Engineers and material scientists have been working to develop increasingly advanced photovoltaic solutions, to convert as much solar energy as possible into electricity and help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This has led to the introduction of various new solar cell designs, including all-perovskite tandem solar cells.
	A digital twin system that could enhance collaborative human-robot product assembly Robotics systems have already been introduced in numerous real-world settings, including some industrial and manufacturing facilities. In these facilities, robots can assist human assembly line and warehouse workers, assembling some parts of products with high precision and then handing them to human agents tasked with performing additional actions.
	Dobb-E: A framework to train multi-skilled robots for domestic use Roboticists have been trying to develop robots that can tackle various everyday house chores, such as washing dishes or tidying up, for several years. However, so far none of the robots created has been commercialized adopted on a large scale.
	Researchers create 'Mugatu,' the first steerable bipedal robot with only one motor Small robots are important tools for the investigation and inspection of, well, small spaces. They can carefully place their steps, allowing them to navigate around obstacles, capabilities larger robots do not always possess. This can enable them to inspect machinery or search through rubble in disaster scenarios that other robots cannot reach. However, due to their size constraints, building small robots that can steer themselves and carry their own power sources is difficult.
	Researchers invent 'methane cleaner' that could become a permanent fixture in cattle and pig barns In a new study, researchers from the University of Copenhagen have used light and chlorine to eradicate low-concentration methane from air. The result gets us closer to being able to remove greenhouse gases from livestock housing, biogas production plants and wastewater treatment plants to benefit the climate. The work is published in the journal Environmental Research Letters.
	Artificial intelligence can predict events in people's lives, researchers show Artificial intelligence developed to model written language can be utilized to predict events in people's lives. A research project from DTU, University of Copenhagen, ITU, and Northeastern University in the US shows that if you use large amounts of data about people's lives and train so-called 'transformer models', which (like ChatGPT) are used to process language, they can systematically organize the data and predict what will happen in a person's life and even estimate the time of death.
	AI's memory-forming mechanism found to be strikingly similar to that of the brain An interdisciplinary team consisting of researchers from the Center for Cognition and Sociality and the Data Science Group within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) revealed a striking similarity between the memory processing of artificial intelligence (AI) models and the hippocampus of the human brain. This new finding provides a novel perspective on memory consolidation, which is a process that transforms short-term memories into long-term ones in AI systems.
	Researchers use environmental justice questions to reveal geographic biases in ChatGPT Virginia Tech researchers have discovered limitations in ChatGPT's capacity to provide location-specific information about environmental justice issues. Their findings, published in the journal Telematics and Informatics, suggest the potential for geographic biases existing in current generative artificial intelligence (AI) models.
	Activision to pay about $50 mn to settle lawsuit: report Videogame giant Activision Blizzard is set to pay around $50 million to settle a lawsuit by a California regulator, a US news report said Friday.
	Canada print media to get two-thirds of Google's payment to news outlets Canada's print media will receive nearly two-thirds of an annual Can$100 million (US$75 million) payment from Google to the country's news outlets in exchange for distribution of their content, the federal government announced Friday.
	Researchers reveal hidden fortunes and surprising underestimations in cybercrime revenue To what extent methodological limitations and incomplete data impact the revenue estimations of cybercriminal groups using the Bitcoin blockchain was largely unknown. A new study, conducted by IMDEA Software Institute researchers Gibran Gomez, Kevin van Liebergen, and Juan Caballero challenges existing figures regarding cybercriminals' Bitcoin earnings to date.
	EU launches 'illegal content' probe into Elon Musk's X The EU announced "formal infringement proceedings" against Elon Musk's platform X on Monday, under a law designed to combat disinformation and hate after identifying suspect posts related to Hamas's October 7 attack in Israel.
	Photoshop-maker Adobe scraps rival buyout after EU, UK pushback Photoshop giant Adobe has scrapped its plans to buy up software company Figma after encountering opposition to the deal by regulators in the EU and Britain, the company said on Monday.
	Buying indie video games over the holidays can help make the industry more ethical and fair The 2023 Game Awards recently saw accolades doled out to the biggest and most celebrated games of the year—alongside a few lucky indie titles—and with the holidays fast approaching, many of those same games are starting to go on sale.
	Data poisoning: How artists are sabotaging AI to take revenge on image generators Imagine this. You need an image of a balloon for a work presentation and turn to a text-to-image generator, like Midjourney or DALL-E, to create a suitable image.
	Cybersecurity experts explain how a British tabloid company may have hacked Prince Harry's phone A London court on Friday ruled that a British tabloid newspaper hacked Prince Harry's phone while reporting on the royal family.
	Energy transition at municipalities: A holistic consideration of power, heat and transport Municipalities as the smallest administrative units play a major role in the implementation of the energy transition. They can support citizens in better using the heat from waste water or they can make the equipment of new buildings with photovoltaic facilities mandatory in order to increase the use of renewable energy sources.
	Using AI-related technologies can significantly enhance human cognition, finds study Interpreters, translators and subtitlers should not fear artificial intelligence (AI), as training in new forms of real-time human-AI interaction (HAII) can increase their working memory and task-switching abilities, according to new research from Surrey's Centre for Translation Studies (CTS).
	Big shift coming to EV industry, say experts America's highways and byways would be a wild west if we didn't have automotive standards. So, give some serious respect, please, to these massive documents filled with painstaking technical specifications. After all, they determine how your car operates, its safety features, what parts it can use, and how it fuels or recharges—and that's just the short list.
	Understanding the relationship between proton exchange membrane fuel cells and hydrogen partial pressure In a new study, researchers have made significant strides in understanding the relationship between hydrogen partial pressure and the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Their findings could revolutionize fuel cell quality testing by simplifying processes, reducing costs, and enhancing safety measures. Their work was published in the journal Industrial Chemistry & Materials.
	Open-source training framework increases the speed of large language model pre-training when failures arise As the demand for technologies that enable generative AI continues to skyrocket, processing capacities must keep pace to accommodate model training and fault tolerance. University of Michigan researchers designed a solution specific to modern AI workloads.
	Apple pauses US sale of latest Watch models over patent clash Apple on Monday said it will stop selling some of its smartwatch models in the United States while it fights a patent battle over technology for detecting blood oxygen levels.
	NASA's tech demo streams first video from deep space via laser NASA's Deep Space Optical Communications experiment beamed an ultra-high definition streaming video on Dec. 11 from a record-setting 19 million miles away (31 million kilometers, or about 80 times the Earth-moon distance). The milestone is part of a NASA technology demonstration aimed at streaming very high-bandwidth video and other data from deep space—enabling future human missions beyond Earth orbit.
	Research finds people struggle to identify AI from human art, but prefer human-made works New research from Bowling Green State University finds that generative artificial intelligence—or AI—can blur the lines when it comes to identifying the source of images, but discovered humans still maintain a subsurface preference for genuine human art.
	Industrialization perspectives for the lithium-ion industry A new Fraunhofer ISI Lithium-Ion battery roadmap focuses on the scaling activities of the battery industry until 2030 and considers the technological options, approaches and solutions in the areas of materials, cells, production, systems and recycling. The study examines three trends in particular: The production of performance-optimized, low-cost and sustainable batteries.
	US utilities on track to be 100% renewable by 2060, says study Utilities in the United States have pledged to transition to 100% renewable electricity by 2060, and although state mandates have played a role, it's the utilities, themselves, that are leading the transition.
	A suspected cyberattack paralyzes the majority of gas stations across Iran Nearly 70% of Iran's gas stations went out of service on Monday following possible sabotage—a reference to cyberattacks, Iranian state TV reported.
	Klarna CEO Siemiatkowski says buy now, pay later is used by shoppers who otherwise avoid credit Sebastian Siemiatkowski is a co-founder and CEO of Klarna, the Sweden-based company that's one of the world's biggest providers of buy now, pay later services to customers. Klarna started off in Europe and entered the U.S. market in 2015.
	Learning label-specific features for decomposition-based multi-class classification Multi-class classification can be solved by decomposing it into a set of binary classification problems according to some encoding rules. Existing works solve these binary classification problems in the original feature space, while it might be suboptimal as different binary classification problems correspond to different positive and negative examples.

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