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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for March 8, 2024:

Technology news

	An approach to realize in-sensor dynamic computing and advance computer vision The rapid advancement in machine learning techniques and sensing devices over the past decades have opened new possibilities for the detection and tracking of objects, animals, and people. The accurate and automated detection of visual targets, also known as intelligent machine vision, can have various applications, ranging from the enhancement of security and surveillance tools to environmental monitoring and the analysis of medical imaging data.
	AI chatbots found to use racist stereotypes even after anti-racism training A small team of AI researchers from the Allen Institute for AI, Stanford University and the University of Chicago, all in the U.S., has found that dozens of popular large language models continue to use racist stereotypes even after they have been given anti-racism training. The group has published a paper on the arXiv preprint server describing their experiments with chatbots such as OpenAI's GPT-4 and GPT-3.5.
	Balancing training data and human knowledge to make AI act more like a scientist When you teach a child how to solve puzzles, you can either let them figure it out through trial and error, or you can guide them with some basic rules and tips. Similarly, incorporating rules and tips into AI training—such as the laws of physics—could make them more efficient and more reflective of the real world. However, helping the AI assess the value of different rules can be a tricky task.
	How surface roughness influences the adhesion of soft materials Adhesive tape or sticky notes are easy to attach to a surface, but are difficult to remove. This phenomenon, known as adhesion hysteresis, can be fundamentally observed in soft, elastic materials: Adhesive contact is formed more easily than it is broken.
	Microsoft's small language model outperforms larger models on standardized math tests A small team of AI researchers at Microsoft reports that the company's Orca-Math small language model outperforms other, larger models on standardized math tests. The group has published a paper on the arXiv preprint server describing their testing of Orca-Math on the Grade School Math 8K (GSM8K) benchmark and how it fared compared to well-known LLMs.
	Researchers enhance peripheral vision in AI models Peripheral vision enables humans to see shapes that aren't directly in our line of sight, albeit with less detail. This ability expands our field of vision and can be helpful in many situations, such as detecting a vehicle approaching our car from the side.
	Physicists develop a modular robot with liquid and solid properties Schools of fish, colonies of bees, and murmurations of starlings exhibit swarming behavior in nature, flowing like a liquid in synchronized, shape-shifting coordination. Through the lens of fluid mechanics, swarming is of particular interest to physicists like Heinrich Jaeger, the University of Chicago Sewell Avery Distinguished Service Professor in Physics and the James Franck Institute, and James Franck Institute research staff scientist Baudouin Saintyves, who apply physics principles to the development of modular, adaptive robotics.
	Detroiters more likely to support local solar development if they think it reduces energy prices for their community Michigan residents overwhelmingly want more solar power.
	High-energy laser weapons: How they work, what they are used for Nations around the world are rapidly developing high-energy laser weapons for military missions on land and sea, and in the air and space. Visions of swarms of small, inexpensive drones filling the skies or skimming across the waves are motivating militaries to develop and deploy laser weapons as an alternative to costly and potentially overwhelmed missile-based defenses.
	New method for mass-producing polymer solid electrolytes needed in batteries A research team led by Professor Seok Ju Kang in the School of Energy and Chemical Engineering at UNIST has unveiled a technique for mass-producing polymer solid electrolytes, crucial components in batteries. Their paper is published in the journal Energy Storage Materials.
	Italy opens probe into OpenAI's new video tool Sora Italy's data protection watchdog said Friday it has launched an investigation into Sora, a new artificial intelligence (AI) tool made by US firm OpenAI.
	Report shows that electric aircraft will need grid upgrades, on-site generation and storage Electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft might quickly move passengers over mountains or float them across urbanscapes. But first, an important consideration for these flying batteries is where they will charge and whether the existing power grid infrastructure can accommodate this demand.
	Can we connect renewable energy hubs with electricity consumption hubs? A new approach to grid planning could make it possible to power your home with the nation's best and lowest-cost wind and solar energy, no matter where you live.
	Research links rapidly evolving photovoltaic module technologies with potential reliability impacts Historically, photovoltaic (PV) modules have demonstrated high reliability, making them a dependable and growing part of global decarbonization efforts. PV module technology also has a history of iteration and evolution over time, with potential impacts for module reliability.
	Wood: Building on an abundant natural resource Forests in the EU can help green the European construction industry and bolster a continent-wide push for architectural improvements.
	4D Knit Dress robot uses several technologies to create a custom design and a custom fit Until recently, bespoke tailoring—clothing made to a customer's individual specifications—was the only way to have garments that provided the perfect fit for your physique. For most people, the cost of custom tailoring is prohibitive. However, the invention of active fibers and innovative knitting processes is changing the textile industry.
	Behind the doors of a Chinese hacking company, a sordid culture fueled by influence, alcohol and sex The hotel was spacious. It was upscale. It had a karaoke bar. The perfect venue, the CEO of the Chinese hacking company thought, to hold a Lunar New Year banquet currying favor with government officials. There was just one drawback, his top deputy said.
	Automaker Rivian pauses construction of its $5 billion electric truck plant in Georgia The CEO of Rivian Automotive announced Thursday that the electric truck maker is pausing construction of its $5 billion manufacturing plant in Georgia to speed production and save money.
	Nigeria targets cryptocurrency in bid to end naira freefall The world's biggest cryptocurrency exchange Binance is halting operations in Nigeria's naira currency as the government puts cryptobusinesses under increasing scrutiny.
	Brazil seeks to curb AI deepfakes as key elections loom AI-generated videos and photos used for political disinformation are the scourge of a busy global election year, and Brazil is scrambling to regulate the technology ahead of municipal polls.
	WWE, a social media powerhouse, tops 100 million subscribers on YouTube As WWE gears up for its biggest annual premium live event next month, the company continues to harness the power of its social media presence to reach its fans. A key component of that strategy is YouTube, where WWE has hit an important milestone: surpassing 100 million subscribers.
	Wind power surge: China's push towards a green future The push for renewable energy is critical in addressing climate change, with wind power at the forefront. As the leading emitter of greenhouse gases, China has embarked on a transformative journey towards greener alternatives, aiming for carbon neutrality by 2060.

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