Science X Newsletter Week 09

Dear manoj dole,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for week 09:

	Pythagoras was wrong: There are no universal musical harmonies, study finds The tone and tuning of musical instruments has the power to manipulate our appreciation of harmony, new research shows. The findings challenge centuries of Western music theory and encourage greater experimentation with instruments from different cultures.
	Scientists reveal how first cells could have formed on Earth Roughly 4 billion years ago, Earth was developing conditions suitable for life. Origin-of-life scientists often wonder if the type of chemistry found on the early Earth was similar to what life requires today. They know that spherical collections of fats, called protocells, were the precursor to cells during this emergence of life. But how did simple protocells first arise and diversify to eventually lead to life on Earth?
	Early vocabulary size is genetically linked to ADHD, literacy, and cognition Early language development is an important predictor of children's later language, reading and learning skills. Moreover, language learning difficulties are related to neurodevelopmental conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
	Mathematicians prove Pólya's conjecture for the eigenvalues of a disk, a 70-year-old math problem Is it possible to deduce the shape of a drum from the sounds it makes? This is the kind of question that Iosif Polterovich, a professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at Université de Montréal, likes to ask. Polterovich uses spectral geometry, a branch of mathematics, to understand physical phenomena involving wave propagation.
	Unlocking the secrets of the universe: New discoveries in gravitational waves A groundbreaking body of work led by Monash University physicists has opened a new pathway for understanding the universe's fundamental physics.
	Astronomers reveal a new link between water and planet formation Researchers have found water vapor in the disk around a young star exactly where planets may be forming. Water is a key ingredient for life on Earth and is also thought to play a significant role in planet formation, yet until now, astronomers have never been able to map how water is distributed in a stable, cool disk—the type of disk that offers the most favorable conditions for planets to form around stars.
	It's not only opposites that attract: New study shows like-charged particles can come together "Opposites charges attract; like charges repel" is a fundamental principle of basic physics. But a new study from Oxford University, published today in Nature Nanotechnology, has demonstrated that similarly charged particles in solution can in fact attract each other over long distances. Just as surprisingly, the team found that the effect is different for positively and negatively charged particles, depending on the solvent.
	How 'the strong force' influences the gravitational wave background Gravitationally speaking, the universe is a noisy place. A hodgepodge of gravitational waves from unknown sources streams unpredictably around space, including possibly from the early universe.
	Astronomers detect an extremely red supermassive black hole in the early universe growing in the shadows Analyzing images from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), a group of astronomers led by Dr. Lukas Furtak and Prof. Adi Zitrin from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev has detected an extremely red, gravitationally lensed supermassive black hole in the early universe. Its colors suggest that the black hole lies behind a thick veil of dust obscuring much of its light. The team managed to measure the black hole mass and discovered that it was significantly more massive, compared to its host galaxy, than what has been seen in more local examples.
	Research finds that neutering Rottweilers may affect their lifespan Owners of a popular dog breed are being encouraged to keep their pet pooch in tip-top condition after a James Cook University study found that Rottweilers could suffer from reduced lifespan after being neutered.
	A new theoretical development clarifies water's electronic structure There is no doubt that water is significant. Without it, life would never have begun, let alone continue today—not to mention its role in the environment itself, with oceans covering over 70% of Earth.
	High-resolution simulations provide new insights into how galaxies are formed Astronomers can use supercomputers to simulate the formation of galaxies from the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago to the present day. But there are a number of sources of error. An international research team, led by researchers in Lund, has spent a hundred million computer hours over eight years trying to correct these.
	Genetic study suggests a Stone Age strategy for avoiding inbreeding Blood relations and kinship were not all-important for the way hunter-gatherer communities lived during the Stone Age in Western Europe. A new genetic study, conducted at several well-known French Stone Age burial sites, shows that several distinct families lived together. This was probably a deliberate system for avoiding inbreeding.
	Dust growth model finds planets may form more easily than previously thought The building blocks of new planets could form more easily than previously thought, according to calculations by a team led by a RIKEN astrophysicist.
	Orcas demonstrate they no longer need to hunt in packs to take down the great white shark An orca (killer whale) has been observed, for the first-ever time, individually consuming a great white shark—and within just two minutes.
	Want fewer microplastics in your tap water? Try boiling it first Nano- and microplastics are seemingly everywhere—water, soil and the air. While many creative strategies have been attempted to get rid of these plastic bits, one unexpectedly effective solution for specifically cleaning up drinking water might be as simple as brewing a cup of tea or coffee.
	Asian elephants mourn, bury their dead calves: Study Asian elephants loudly mourn and bury their dead calves, according to a study by Indian scientists that details animal behavior reminiscent of human funeral rites.
	Scientists develop biocompatible fluorescent spray that detects fingerprints in ten seconds Scientists have developed a water-soluble, non-toxic fluorescent spray that makes fingerprints visible in just a few seconds, making forensic investigations safer, easier and quicker.
	Double trouble at chromosome ends: New study alters our understanding of telomere biology Half a century ago, scientists Jim Watson and Alexey Olovnikov independently realized that there was a problem with how our DNA gets copied. A quirk of linear DNA replication dictated that telomeres that protect the ends of chromosomes should have been growing shorter with each round of replication, a phenomenon known as the end-replication problem.
	Research team uncovers universal code driving the formation of all cell membranes Researchers at the University of Alberta have uncovered what they say has been the missing puzzle piece ever since the genetic code was first cracked.

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