Science X Newsletter Mon, Mar 25

Dear manoj dole,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for March 25, 2024:

Technology news

	A strategy to suppress strain propagation in ultrahigh-Ni cathodes during fast charging To meet the growing demand of the electronics industry and support the widespread deployment of electric vehicles, researchers will need to develop increasingly advanced and highly performing battery technologies. A promising approach for boosting the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) entails the use of nickel (Ni)-rich layered oxides as cathode materials.
	New all-liquid iron flow battery for grid energy storage A commonplace chemical used in water treatment facilities has been repurposed for large-scale energy storage in a new battery design by researchers at the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The design provides a pathway to a safe, economical, water-based, flow battery made with Earth-abundant materials. It provides another pathway in the quest to incorporate intermittent energy sources such as wind and solar energy into the nation's electric grid.
	Pairing crypto mining with green hydrogen offers clean energy boost, study suggests Pairing cryptocurrency mining—notable for its outsize consumption of carbon-based fuel—with green hydrogen could provide the foundation for wider deployment of renewable energy, such as solar and wind power, according to a new Cornell University study.
	Large language models use a surprisingly simple mechanism to retrieve some stored knowledge Large language models, such as those that power popular artificial intelligence chatbots like ChatGPT, are incredibly complex. Even though these models are being used as tools in many areas, such as customer support, code generation, and language translation, scientists still don't fully grasp how they work.
	Engineering household robots to have a little common sense From wiping up spills to serving up food, robots are being taught to carry out increasingly complicated household tasks. Many such home-bot trainees are learning through imitation; they are programmed to copy the motions that a human physically guides them through.
	Vulnerability in virtual reality systems identified A team of computer scientists at the University of Chicago has uncovered a potential vulnerability in virtual reality systems—one that could allow a hacker to insert what the team describes as an "inception layer" between a user's VR Home Screen and their VR User/Server. The team has posted a paper describing their work and their findings on the arXiv preprint server.
	Novel quantum algorithm proposed for high-quality solutions to combinatorial optimization problems Combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) have applications in many different fields such as logistics, supply chain management, machine learning, material design and drug discovery, among others, for finding the optimal solution to complex problems. These problems are usually very computationally intensive using classical computers and thus solving COPs using quantum computers has attracted significant attention from both academia and industry.
	Semiconductors at scale: New processor achieves remarkable speedup in problem solving Annealing processors are designed specifically for addressing combinatorial optimization problems, where the task is to find the best solution from a finite set of possibilities. This holds implications for practical applications in logistics, resource allocation, and the discovery of drugs and materials.
	Behavior of granular materials has been difficult to visualize, but new method reveals their internal forces in 3D Granular materials, those made up of individual pieces, whether grains of sand or coffee beans or pebbles, are the most abundant form of solid matter on Earth. The way these materials move and react to external forces can determine when landslides or earthquakes happen, as well as more mundane events such as how cereal gets clogged coming out of the box.
	New method that uses quantum mechanics can lead to improved lithium metal batteries In a study published in Nature Energy, Dr. Perla Balbuena and Dr. Jorge Seminario, professors in the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering at Texas A&M University, developed a new method for understanding the impact of external pressure on lithium-metal batteries using quantum mechanics. A deeper understanding of the behavior of lithium ions under pressure can advance and improve lithium-metal battery fabrication processes to develop longer-lasting, more efficient battery technologies.
	EPA's new auto emissions standard will speed the transition to cleaner cars The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency released strict new emissions limits on March 20, 2024, for cars built from 2027 through 2032. The final rule for Multi-Pollutant Emissions Standards caps a process that started almost a year earlier, when the Biden administration first proposed groundbreaking regulations that would essentially require automakers to make a substantial pivot toward electrification.
	Generative AI could leave users holding the bag for copyright violations Generative artificial intelligence has been hailed for its potential to transform creativity, and especially by lowering the barriers to content creation. While the creative potential of generative AI tools has often been highlighted, the popularity of these tools poses questions about intellectual property and copyright protection.
	'Did you feel this AI cared about you?' Startup announces 'nursebots' Medical startup Hippocratic AI is collaborating with California-based tech company NVIDIA to develop empathetic health care agents using artificial intelligence.
	What happens to F1 drivers' bodies, and what sort of training do they do? Various forms of motorsport are passionately followed around the world, and the pinnacle of the sport is Formula 1—a fast-paced battle between drivers and teams with some of the most finely engineered vehicles in the world.
	Conspiracy theorist tactics show it's too easy to get around Facebook's content policies During the COVID pandemic, social media platforms were swarmed by far-right and anti-vaccination communities that spread dangerous conspiracy theories.
	Dig deep: US bets on geothermal to become renewable powerhouse Though geothermal represents only a tiny fraction of current US energy production, several businesses and President Joe Biden's administration are betting on technological advances to make it a backbone of the green transition.
	EU probes Apple, Google, Meta under new digital law The EU on Monday hit Apple, Google parent Alphabet and Meta with the first ever probes under a mammoth digital law, which could lead to big fines against the US giants.
	Study tests if AI can help fight cybercrime Artificial Intelligence (AI) could become a crucial asset to fight the growing global risk of cybercrime, a new study with Charles Darwin University (CDU) has found.
	Research finds AI algorithms can help 'mumpreneurs' New research, led by academics from Royal Holloway, University of London found AI algorithms generated significant economic and non-economic value for "mumpreneurs."
	My search for the mysterious missing secretary who shaped chatbot history The Massachusetts Institute of Technology's (MIT) Distinctive Collections archive is quiet while the blizzard blows outside. Silence seems to be accumulating with the falling snow. I am the only researcher in the archive, but there is a voice that I am straining to hear.
	Future robots to stay one step ahead of bushfires Bushfires can move at astonishing speeds. The land, amount of vegetation, and the weather all have a big impact on how a fire spreads. Staying one step ahead is no easy task, but our bushfire researchers are working on it.
	A high efficiency LED based on copper–iodide clusters A team led by Prof. Yao Hongbin from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) developed a high efficiency, high brightness warm white light-emitting diode (LED) based on copper-iodide cluster hybrids. Their work is published in Nature Photonics.
	An effective method for improving energy storage performance in lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics Next-generation advanced high/pulsed power capacitors urgently require dielectric materials with outstanding energy storage performance. (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-based material, a typical lead-free ferroelectrics, has the characteristics of high polarization strength and excellent component compatibility, making it emerge as a potential candidate for energy storage applications.
	GNSS Gyroscopes: A new horizon in motion measurement Attitude information, crucial in scientific and engineering fields, traditionally relies on instruments like gyroscopes for measurement, facing limitations in miniaturization and accuracy over time.
	Navigating the depths: A new calibration algorithm for underwater exploration technology Underwater vehicles play a pivotal role in exploring and understanding our oceans, necessitating precise navigation capabilities. The acoustic Long-Baseline (LBL) system, vital for submarine positioning, faces limitations due to its high infrastructure costs and complex deployment, confining its utility to small areas. This challenge restricts underwater vehicles' ability to navigate over long distances with high precision.
	A retrodirective array enabled by CMOS chips for two-way wireless communication with automatic beam tracking Beam directive communication at millimeter-wave and even higher frequencies is of significant global interest. By leveraging advanced array technologies, electromagnetic waves can be focused in specific directions for millimeter-wave transmission and reception, thereby maximizing the signal power in the intended direction while suppressing interference from others.
	Assessing the wind vulnerability of Patagonia's oil storage tanks In Latin America, specifically in Argentina, there's a burgeoning petroleum boom, largely thanks to the Vaca Muerta field, known for its substantial shale gas and oil reserves. However, this surge in oil output necessitates extensive fluid storage capacity, primarily in vertical oil storage tanks, which have proven vulnerable to extreme weather events, particularly high-speed winds, leading to potential severe damage.
	A new dawn for flexible electronics: Eliminating energy waste Researchers have unveiled an innovative approach to create flexible organic integrated circuits (ICs) devoid of parasitic capacitance. This advancement heralds a substantial enhancement in the dynamic performance and operating frequency of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) and rectifying diodes, charting a course toward the realization of high-performance, cost-effective, and energy-efficient flexible electronics.
	Study explores ergonomic mobility in firefighting gear: Improving the fit and function of US firefighter PPE Firefighting is considered one of the most dangerous professions due to the extreme conditions and hazards that firefighters face. They must use personal protective clothing (PPC) and equipment (PPE) for safety. Despite advancements in protective gear, especially for thermal hazards, the increased weight and bulk have compromised firefighters' mobility and comfort, exacerbating the risk of overexertion, stress, and injury.
	Bankrupt FTX sells stake in hot AI startup Anthropic FTX, the bankrupt company once run by disgraced crypto king Sam Bankman-Fried, will sell two-thirds of its shares in hot AI startup Anthropic for $880 million, a court filing said on Monday.
	Tired of AI doomsday tropes, Cohere CEO says his goal is technology that's 'additive to humanity' Aidan Gomez can take some credit for the 'T' at the end of ChatGPT. He was part of a group of Google engineers who first introduced a new artificial intelligence model called a transformer.
	Big brands could pivot easily if TikTok goes away. For many small businesses, it's another story If content creators and corporate executives made TikTok videos about the platform's possible U.S. demise, disco diva Gloria Gaynor's "I Will Survive" could supply the soundtrack.
	iPhone or iMonopoly? The feds take on Apple for smartphone antitrust violations The same day in 2007 that founder of Apple Computer Steve Jobs presented the company's fancy new mobile telephone, the iPhone, he dropped the word "computer" from the corporation's name. On this, like many things, Jobs was a visionary.
	Boosting the durability of eco-friendly cars' power source Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) stand at the forefront of clean energy solutions for vehicles, promising zero emissions, high efficiency, and minimal noise. Despite these advantages, the path to widespread adoption is obstructed by significant durability and lifespan challenges. These obstacles are primarily due to the fuel cells' vulnerability under the variable and often harsh conditions of automotive operation.
	Industry shutdowns are messy and painful: Four lessons Australia's coal sector can learn from car makers Shifting Australia's electricity sector to low-carbon technologies and closing coal plants is vital to tackling climate change. But such transitions are easier said than done.
	Trump's social media company to start trading on the Nasdaq on Tuesday Trump Media & Technology Group, whose flagship product is social networking site Truth Social, will begin trading on the Nasdaq stock market on Tuesday.
	Boeing CEO to exit as safety concerns mount Boeing announced Monday a leadership shakeup headlined by the departure of CEO Dave Calhoun as the aviation giant faces heavy scrutiny following safety incidents and manufacturing issues.
	As Boeing turbulence persists: A look at past crashes and safety issues involving the plane maker Boeing keeps hitting more and more turbulence.
	A deep-learning and transfer-learning hybrid aerosol retrieval algorithm for a geostationary meteorological satellite A study published in Engineering introduces an innovative high-precision aerosol algorithm for a geostationary meteorological satellite.
	US court dismisses Musk lawsuit against anti-hate watchdog A US court on Monday rejected social network X's lawsuit against a nonprofit that had reported a spike in misinformation and hate speech on the platform since billionaire Elon Musk's takeover.

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