Science X Newsletter Wed, Apr 10

Dear manoj dole,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for April 10, 2024:

Technology news

	Perovskite LEDs for next-generation digital displays can detect fingerprints, changing light conditions and more Researchers at Linköping University, Sweden, have developed a digital display screen where the LEDs themselves react to touch, light, fingerprints and the user's pulse, among other things. Their results, published in Nature Electronics, could be the start of a whole new generation of displays for phones, computers and tablets.
	Waterproof 'e-glove' could help scuba divers communicate When scuba divers need to say "I'm okay" or "Shark!" to their dive partners, they use hand signals to communicate visually. But sometimes these movements are difficult to see.
	World-first 'Cybercrime Index' ranks countries by cybercrime threat level Following three years of intensive research, an international team of researchers have compiled the first ever "World Cybercrime Index," which identifies the globe's key cybercrime hotspots by ranking the most significant sources of cybercrime at a national level.
	New quantum material promises up to 190% quantum efficiency in solar cells Researchers from Lehigh University have developed a material that demonstrates the potential for drastically increasing the efficiency of solar panels.
	Researchers find a faster, better way to prevent an AI chatbot from giving toxic responses A user could ask ChatGPT to write a computer program or summarize an article, and the AI chatbot would likely be able to generate useful code or write a cogent synopsis. However, someone could also ask for instructions to build a bomb, and the chatbot might be able to provide those, too.
	AI chatbots share some human biases, researchers find As artificial intelligence gets better at giving humans what they want, it also could get better at giving malicious humans what they want.
	With inspiration from Tetris, researchers develop a better radiation detector The spread of radioactive isotopes from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan in 2011 and the ongoing threat of a possible release of radiation from the Zaporizhzhia nuclear complex in the Ukrainian war zone have underscored the need for effective and reliable ways of detecting and monitoring radioactive isotopes.
	AI-powered 'sonar' on smartglasses tracks gaze, facial expressions Cornell University researchers have developed two technologies that track a person's gaze and facial expressions through sonar-like sensing. The technology is small enough to fit on commercial smartglasses or virtual reality or augmented reality headsets yet consumes significantly less power than similar tools using cameras.
	New 3D-printing method makes printing objects more affordable and eco-friendly University of Florida engineers have developed a method for 3D printing called vapor-induced phase-separation 3D printing, or VIPS-3DP, to create single-material as well as multi-material objects. The discovery has the potential to advance the world of additive manufacturing.
	German group mulls remote-controlled ships to fix skipper shortage With the flow of new recruits into the seafaring sector drying up, a German company is exploring a potentially revolutionary measure—sending ships off without a captain on board.
	US officials probing Boeing whistleblower claims on 787, 777 Federal aviation authorities are investigating claims by a Boeing engineer that the 787 Dreamliner suffers from assembly defects that threaten safety, US officials said Tuesday.
	'World of Warcraft', other top games to return to China "World of Warcraft" is returning to China this summer, its developer and local partner said Wednesday, more than a year after dismayed devotees saw the hugely popular video game and other titles pulled from the market in a contract dispute.
	Engineering students convert old truck to an electrical vehicle Four teams of Rice University engineering students converted a 1997 Chevy P30 delivery van into a fully electric vehicle in less than a year, using a combination of parts scavenged from out-of-use vehicles, custom-built elements and off-the-shelf items.
	Internet providers must now be more transparent about fees, pricing, FCC says Much like nutritional labels on food products, "broadband labels" for internet packages will soon tell you just what is going into the pricing of your service, thanks to new rules adopted by the Federal Communications Commission this week.
	Ethical questions abound as wartime AI ramps up Artificial intelligence's move into modern warfare is raising concerns about the risks of escalation and the role of humans in decision-making.
	Exceptional oxide ion conductivity at lower temperatures offers potential solution for solid-state fuel cells Oxide ion conductors used in solid-state fuel cells often fail to reach full potential when operating at temperatures below 500 oC, but researchers from Tokyo Tech have recently found a solution to this problem. They demonstrated high conductivity and stability in bismuth-containing Sillén oxyhalides with triple fluorite-like layers (e.g., 10 mS/cm at 431 oC; 204 times higher conductivity than that of conventional conductors at 310 oC).
	How the push to make 'Grounded' a multiplatform game made it better Microsoft made a splash when the company announced it would be taking more of its games to other platforms. That means players will see once-exclusive titles such as "Sea of Thieves" on the PlayStation 5.
	Google faces deluge of $10,000 Incognito mode lawsuits after class-action deal Google's legal troubles over whether the search giant duped users into believing its "Incognito" browsing mode was truly private aren't over yet: A week after settling a federal class-action suit, the Mountain View company is facing an avalanche of new lawsuits in San Jose from thousands of users who claim Incognito broke their trust by snooping on their secrets.
	NYSE executive says 'handful' of AI startups are exploring IPOs Several artificial intelligence startups are looking into the process of going public, according to an executive at the New York Stock Exchange, as the market for tech listings gains steam.
	The real battle for data privacy begins when you die In 2012 a 15-year-old girl died in Berlin after being hit by a subway train. Her bereaved parents asked Facebook to turn over her private messages in hopes of understanding whether her death was a suicide or an accident.
	What is biophilic design? Three ways 'green' buildings work better for neurodivergent people One in seven people worldwide are neurodivergent. They may have a diagnosis of a neurodevelopmental condition such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or autism—or traits that mean their thinking style differs from neurotypical patterns.
	New York City greenlights congestion pricing—toll plan is expected to improve traffic, air quality and public transit New York City is poised to launch the first congestion pricing plan to reduce traffic in a major U.S. metropolitan area. Like many journeys in the Big Apple, this one has been punctuated by delays. Once the system starts up, however, it's expected to significantly reduce gridlock in Manhattan and generate billions of dollars to improve public transit citywide.
	To understand the risks posed by AI, follow the money Time and again, leading scientists, technologists, and philosophers have made spectacularly terrible guesses about the direction of innovation. Even Einstein was not immune, claiming, "There is not the slightest indication that nuclear energy will ever be obtainable," just 10 years before Enrico Fermi completed construction of the first fission reactor in Chicago. Shortly thereafter, the consensus switched to fears of an imminent nuclear holocaust.
	AI-generated pornography will disrupt the adult content industry and raise new ethical concerns, researchers say Artificial intelligence (AI) is already reshaping various industries, from medicine and education to science and finance. AI is set to disrupt yet another market: pornography. Advancements in machine learning and AI algorithms for image and video production have contributed to the growth of websites for AI-generated pornography, commonly referred to as AI porn.
	Why won't some people use a smartphone? And is that difficult? In a world where more and more services and social interaction are based on mobile apps, a smartphone has become close to a necessity. Despite this, some people avoid smartphones and instead use a dumbphone—a traditional mobile phone or a reduced-feature designer phone.
	New model better predicts our daily travel choices An EPFL engineer has developed a forecasting model that factors in not just our commuting habits, but also our activities during the day. Her flexible approach incorporates the idea of trade-offs in order to deliver more realistic predictions.
	The paradoxical role of 'humanness' in aggression toward conversational agents Virtual assistants, so-called chatbots, have become an integral part of many company websites and are playing an increasingly important corporate role. A study by TU Dresden published in the Journal of Management Information Systems has investigated whether errors made by chatbots lead to aggressive behavior among their users and what influence users' perceived humanness of the virtual assistants has on their reactions.
	Enhancing radiative cooling with aperture mirror structures In a world where rising temperatures increase the demand for cooling, traditional air conditioning (AC) systems contribute significantly to global energy consumption. They also heat Earth overall: to cool down a certain volume of space (e.g., a room), AC systems typically dump heat nearby (e.g., outside the house). Seeking sustainable alternatives, researchers have turned to radiative cooling—a passive, zero-energy cooling method. Radiative cooling irreversibly removes heat to outer space, so from the point of view of Earth, it's a net cooling effect.
	Musk vs. Brazil Supreme Court: five things to know X owner Elon Musk is under investigation in Brazil after he accused a Supreme Court judge of censoring social networks, calling him a "dictator" and vowing to disobey rulings blocking users found to be spreading disinformation.
	ByteDance profits jump 60%, beating tech rivals: Bloomberg The profits of TikTok owner ByteDance jumped around 60 percent in 2023, Bloomberg reported Wednesday citing sources, beating online rivals Tencent and Alibaba.
	New Binance chief stresses importance of compliance The new CEO of the world's top crypto platform stressed the importance of regulatory compliance for Binance's future success, months after its former chief executive pleaded guilty to violating US anti-money laundering laws and it paid $4.3 billion to settle charges.
	Delta eyes record Q2 on still-strong demand Delta Air Lines reported another round of strong earnings on Wednesday as it forecast a record second quarter based on consistently strong travel appetite.
	Oil bosses call phasing out fossil fuels a 'fantasy'—but an international agreement is plausible Amin Nasser, chief executive of the world's largest oil company Saudi Aramco, recently called on nations to "abandon the fantasy" to phase out fossil fuels, adding that the transition to renewable energy sources is "visibly failing." However, the latest science on climate change is unequivocal: the world must eliminate fossil fuel-based energy systems—and fast.
	RVAM16: A low-cost multiple-ISA processor based on RISC-V and ARM thumb The increasing demand in the embedded field has led to the emergence of several impressive Instruction Set Architectures (ISAs). However, when processors migrate from one ISA to another, software compatibility issues are unavoidable.
	How can humans and machines work in harmony? Through collaboration, says supply chain expert There's a quote Nada Sanders, a Northeastern distinguished professor of supply chain management, likes to share when discussing the collision of artificial intelligence and enterprise.
	Advancing brain-inspired computing with hybrid neural networks The human brain, with its remarkable general intelligence and exceptional efficiency in power consumption, serves as a constant inspiration and aspiration for the field of artificial intelligence. Drawing insights from the brain's fundamental structure and information processing mechanisms, brain-inspired computing has emerged as a new computational paradigm, poised to steer artificial intelligence from specialized domains towards broader applications in general intelligence.
	Researcher: The quantum computer doesn't exist yet, but we are better understanding what problems it can solve How do we know what a quantum computer is good for when it hasn't been built yet? That's what Ph.D. candidate Casper Gyurik investigated by combining two terms you often hear: quantum computing and machine learning.

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