Science X Newsletter Mon, Nov 13

Dear manoj dole,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 13, 2023:

Technology news

	Study explores the scaling of deep learning models for chemistry research Deep neural networks (DNNs) have proved to be highly promising tools for analyzing large amounts of data, which could speed up research in various scientific fields. For instance, over the past few years, some computer scientists have trained models based on these networks to analyze chemical data and identify promising chemicals for various applications.
	A robot inspired by mantis shrimp to explore narrow underwater environments Nature is the primary source of inspiration for many existing robotic systems, designed to replicate the appearance and behavior of various living organisms. By artificially reproducing biological processes, these robots can help tackle complex real-world problems more effectively.
	AI model instantly generates 3D image from 2D sample In the rapidly emerging world of large-scale computing, it was just a matter of time before a game-changing achievement was poised to shake up the field of 3D visualizations.
	Twisted magnets make brain-inspired computing more adaptable A form of brain-inspired computing that exploits the intrinsic physical properties of a material to dramatically reduce energy use is now a step closer to reality, thanks to a new study led by UCL and Imperial College London researchers.
	Solar-powered device produces clean water and clean fuel at the same time A floating, solar-powered device that can turn contaminated water or seawater into clean hydrogen fuel and purified water, anywhere in the world, has been developed by researchers.
	First 2D semiconductor with 1,000 transistors developed: Redefining energy efficiency in data processing As information and communication technologies (ICT) process data, they convert electricity into heat. Already today, the global ICT ecosystem's CO2 footprint rivals that of aviation. It turns out, however, that a big part of the energy consumed by computer processors doesn't go into performing calculations. Instead, the bulk of the energy used to process data is spent shuttling bytes between the memory to the processor.
	Study finds AI recognizes faces but not like the human brain Face recognition technology emulates human performance and can even exceed it. And it is becoming increasingly more common for it to be used with cameras for real-time recognition, such as to unlock a smartphone or laptop, log into a social media app, and to check in at the airport.
	Researchers' 'cooling glass' blasts building heat into space University of Maryland researchers aiming to combat rising global temperatures have developed a new "cooling glass" that can turn down the heat indoors without electricity by drawing on the cold depths of space.
	Artificial intelligence for drug discovery offers up unexpected results Which drug molecule is most effective? Researchers are feverishly searching for efficient active substances to combat diseases. These compounds often dock onto proteins, which usually are enzymes or receptors that trigger a specific chain of physiological actions.
	Researchers aim to make cheaper fuel cells a reality As the world turns to greener power sources, it also needs to figure out how to store energy for times when the sun doesn't shine and the wind doesn't blow.
	Novel approach using natural-language models opens AI applications for edge computing An innovative approach to artificial intelligence (AI) enables reconstructing a broad field of data, such as overall ocean temperature, from a small number of field-deployable sensors using low-powered "edge" computing, with broad applications across industry, science and medicine.
	The long jump: Athletic, insect-scale long jumping robots reach where others can't A team of engineers from the University of Illinois has published the first known study documenting the long-jumping motion of 3-D-printed insect-scale robots.
	New study finds bigger datasets might not always be better for AI models From ChatGPT to DALL-E, deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are being applied to an ever-growing range of fields. A new study from University of Toronto Engineering researchers, published in Nature Communications, suggests that one of the fundamental assumptions of deep learning models—that they require enormous amounts of training data—may not be as solid as once thought.
	Electric heavy lorries poised to overtake hydrogen trucks Hydrogen-powered heavy lorries were once seen as the future of emissions-free road transport but they could soon be relegated to niche markets in Europe, overtaken by electric trucks.
	The battle over right to repair is a fight over your car's data, researchers say Cars are no longer just a means of transportation. They have become rolling hubs of data communication. Modern vehicles regularly transmit information wirelessly to their manufacturers.
	Major cyberattack on Australian ports suggests sabotage by a 'foreign state actor' A serious cyberattack has disrupted operations at several of Australia's largest ports, causing delays and congestion. Late on Friday, port operator DP World detected an IT breach that affected critical systems used to coordinate shipping activity.
	What are AI chatbots actually doing when they 'hallucinate?' Here's why experts don't like the term What are AI chatbots actually doing when they "hallucinate"? Does the term accurately capture why so-called generative AI tools—nearing ubiquity in many professional settings—sometimes generate false information when prompted?
	A gecko-inspired twist on robotic handling The subtle adhesive forces that allow geckos to seemingly defy gravity, cling to walls and walk across ceilings have inspired a team of researchers in South Korea to build a robotic device that can pick up and release delicate materials without damage. The team, based at Kyungpook National University and Dong-A University, has published their research work in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. The researchers are hoping it can be applied to the transfer of objects by robotic systems.
	Machine learning in the maritime environment A study in the International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics addresses a longstanding gap in the world of dry bulk shipping terminals, introducing a two-stage methodology that employs unsupervised machine learning techniques. The work by Iñigo L. Ansorena of the Universidad Internacional de La Rioja in Spain, focused on North European dry bulk terminals, and could improve transparency in terminal management.
	Researcher develops filter to tackle 'unsafe' AI-generated images In the past year, AI image generators have experienced unprecedented popularity. With just a few clicks, all kinds of images can be created: even dehumanizing imagery and hate memes can be included. CISPA researcher Yiting Qu from the team of CISPA Faculty Dr. Yang Zhang has now investigated the proportion of these images among the most popular AI image generators and how their creation can be prevented with effective filters.
	AI images of white faces are now 'hyper-real': Study Images of faces generated by artificial intelligence (AI) can now appear more real than pictures of real people—as long as they are white, a study said on Monday.
	Template for success: Shaping hard carbon electrodes for next-generation batteries Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are, by far, the most widely used type of rechargeable batteries, spanning numerous applications. These include consumer electronics, electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and spacecraft.
	Researchers a step closer to making green ammonia a reality The production of ammonia for fertilizers—which has one of the largest carbon footprints among industrial processes—may soon be possible on farms using low-cost, low-energy and environmentally friendly technology. Researchers at UNSW Sydney and their collaborators have developed an innovative technique for sustainable ammonia production at scale.
	Actors union explains AI guardrails in strike deal From computer-generated "extras" to AI "zombies," new restrictions against the use of artificial intelligence in Hollywood were set out by the actors' union Friday.
	Worried Chinese shoppers scrimp, dimming the appeal of a Singles' Day shopping extravaganza Shoppers in China have been tightening their purse strings, raising questions over how faltering consumer confidence may affect Saturday's annual Singles' Day online retail extravaganza.
	Australia ports firm fights to restore operations after cyber incident Ports operator DP World said Sunday it had made "significant strides" towards resuming normal freight trade at major gateways into Australia, which have been crippled for two days by a cyber incident.
	China's 'Singles Day' shopping bonanza loses its luster China's annual "Singles Day" sales bonanza wraps up at midnight on Saturday, but consumers this year appear largely unswayed by its flashy deals and discounts as the world's second-largest economy slows.
	Long-haul carrier Emirates opens Dubai Air Show with $52 billion aircraft purchase from Boeing Long-haul carrier Emirates opened the Dubai Air Show on Monday with a $52 billion purchase of Boeing Co. aircraft, showing how aviation has bounced back after the groundings of the coronavirus pandemic, even as Israel's war with Hamas clouds regional security.
	Australian ports reopen after cyberattack Major ports handling 40 percent of Australia's freight trade have reopened, operator DP World said Monday, three days after they were crippled by a cyberattack.
	Auto supplier Continental to cut thousands of jobs German auto supplier Continental said Monday it will cut thousands of jobs to reduce costs, at a time the sector is facing severe headwinds.
	The growing cyber threat to global shipping The cyberattack that paralyzed several major Australian ports was a sharp reminder of what governments and experts say is a growing threat to shipping, the lifeblood of the global economy.
	Has the cyberattack on DP World put Australia's trade at risk? Probably not—this time Australians getting ready for Christmas this week had reason to believe even the best of preparations were not enough after a cyberattack hit all its major ports.

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