Science X Newsletter Wed, Nov 8

Dear manoj dole,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 8, 2023:

Technology news

	Researchers demonstrate field-free switching of a commercial PMA ferromagnet at room temperature Magnetic random-access memories (MRAMs) are data storage devices that store digital data within nanomagnets, representing it in binary code (i.e., as "0" or "1"). The magnetization of nanomagnets inside these memory devices can be directed upward or downward.
	Japanese scientist conquers the board game Othello "Othello is now solved." With that summation, a researcher at a Japanese computer company confirmed yet another milestone in supercomputing achievement.
	Ammonia fuel offers great benefits but demands careful action, says study Ammonia, a main component of many fertilizers, could play a key role in a carbon-free fuel system as a convenient way to transport and store clean hydrogen. The chemical, made of hydrogen and nitrogen (NH3), can also itself be burned as a zero-carbon fuel. However, new research led by Princeton University illustrates that even though it may not be a source of carbon pollution, ammonia's widespread use in the energy sector could pose a grave risk to the nitrogen cycle and climate without proper engineering precautions.
	A centimeter-scale quadruped leverages curved-crease origami Centimeter-scale walking and crawling robots are in demand both for their ability to explore tight or cluttered environments and for their low fabrication costs. Now, pulling from origami-inspired construction, researchers led by Cynthia Sung, Gabel Family Term Assistant Professor in the School of Engineering and Applied Science's Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics (MEAM) Department, have crafted a more simplified approach to the design and fabrication of these robots.
	The secret to longer lasting batteries might be in how soap works, new study says When it comes to making batteries that last longer, a team of researchers including engineers at Brown University and Idaho National Laboratory believes the key might be in how things get clean—specifically how soap works in this process.
	Innovative photoresist materials pave the way for smaller, high performance semiconductor chips For more than 50 years, the semiconductor industry has been hard at work developing advanced technologies that have led to the amazing increases in computing power and energy efficiency that have improved our lives. A primary way the industry has achieved these remarkable performance gains has been by finding ways to decrease the size of the semiconductor devices in microchips. However, with semiconductor feature sizes now approaching only a few nanometers—just a few hundred atoms—it has become increasingly challenging to sustain continued device miniaturization.
	'The Legend of Zelda' will be made into a live-action film Nintendo is developing a live-action film based on its hit video game "The Legend of Zelda," the Japanese company behind the Super Mario franchise said Wednesday.
	Rivian to end exclusivity with Amazon, allow other companies to buy its electric vans Electric vehicle maker Rivian said Tuesday that it will allow other companies to purchase its fleet of delivery vans, ending an exclusive agreement with Amazon.
	Telecoms outage cuts off millions of Australians More than 10 million Australians were cut off from internet and phone services on Wednesday after unexplained outages struck one of the country's largest communications companies.
	'Call of Duty', the stalwart video game veteran, turns 20 James Spratt recalls dashing home from school as a teenager to band together online with friends to do battle in "Call of Duty", the global video game juggernaut that never gets old.
	Meta, Apple at risk of increased regulation of digital wallets Meta Platforms Inc., Apple Inc., Alphabet Inc. and other companies that offer digital wallets and payment apps would fall under U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau supervision under a newly proposed rule aimed at treating nonbanks more like traditional counterparts.
	Engineered 'living materials' could help clean up water pollution one day Water pollution is a growing concern globally, with research estimating that chemical industries discharge 300–400 megatonnes (600–800 billion pounds) of industrial waste into bodies of water each year.
	General Motors' autonomous vehicle unit recalls cars for software update after dragging a pedestrian General Motors' Cruise autonomous vehicle unit is recalling all 950 of its cars to update software after one of them dragged a pedestrian to the side of a San Francisco street in early October.
	Nissan, Renault launch 'rebalanced' alliance French automaker Renault and Japanese partner Nissan officially launched their "rebalanced" alliance on Wednesday as they seek to reset a rocky 24-year-old partnership.
	Sam Bankman-Fried was convicted of fraud. Here's what cryptocurrency investors need to know In the fast-paced world of cryptocurrency, vast sums of money can be made or lost in the blink of an eye. In early November 2022, the crypto exchange FTX was valued at over US$30 billion. By the middle of that month, FTX was in bankruptcy proceedings. And less than a year later, on Nov. 3, 2023, its founder, Sam Bankman-Fried, was found guilty of seven counts of money laundering and fraud, following a trial that featured less than a month of testimony and only about four hours of jury deliberation.
	Acapulco was built to withstand earthquakes, but not Hurricane Otis' destructive winds. How building codes failed Acapulco wasn't prepared when Hurricane Otis struck as a powerful Category 5 storm on Oct. 25, 2023. The short notice as the storm rapidly intensified over the Pacific Ocean wasn't the only problem—the Mexican resort city's buildings weren't designed to handle anything close to Otis' 165 mph winds.
	Who will write the rules for AI? How nations are racing to regulate artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) is a label that can cover a huge range of activities related to machines undertaking tasks with or without human intervention. Our understanding of AI technologies is largely shaped by where we encounter them, from facial recognition tools and chatbots to photo editing software and self-driving cars.
	AI-generated faces look just like real ones, but evidence shows your brain can tell the difference For a while, limitations in technology meant that animators and researchers were only capable of creating human-like faces which seemed a little "off."
	Researchers warn we could run out of data to train AI by 2026. What then? As artificial intelligence (AI) reaches the peak of its popularity, researchers have warned the industry might be running out of training data—the fuel that runs powerful AI systems. This could slow down the growth of AI models, especially large language models, and may even alter the trajectory of the AI revolution.
	Meta to require political ads reveal AI altered images Meta on Wednesday said that advertisers will soon have to disclose when artificial intelligence (AI) or other software is used to create or alter imagery or audio in political ads.
	New interferometry technique could improve GPS A new scientific technique could significantly improve the reference frames that millions of people rely upon each day when using GPS navigation services, according to a recently published article in Radio Science.
	Research calculates how passenger body heat affects energy consumption of airport buildings There's snow and ice on the runway, you've gone through check-in and security, but your flight's delayed, thank goodness the airport has a decent heating system! Well, a study in the International Journal of Sustainable Aviation has investigated how much each passenger's body heat might be contributing to the departure lounge's overall heating budget.
	New technology uses AI and virtual reality to monitor safety of bridges and buildings Monitoring the structural health of the nation's aging buldings and bridges is vital to keeping people safe and helping prevent tragedies such as the Surfside condominium collapse in 2021.
	Co-performing music through voice and gestures: New app enables interactive music performances Music performance requires musical expertise and instrument training. While for many it's a daunting task, others lack physical abilities to play the instruments. Ilya Borovik, a Ph.D. student in computational and data science and engineering, with his co-author from Germany set an ambitious goal to make music performances more accessible to people regardless of their background.
	Experts assess states' case in lawsuit against Meta over youth mental health concerns Meta, the parent company of social media platforms Facebook, Instagram, Whatsapp and Threads, faces federal lawsuits from 42 states' attorneys general asserting that the company intentionally crafted features to make children and teens become addicted to their products.
	Harvesting solar heat and raindrop energy using non-planar dielectrics Weather-dependent environmental energy harvesting of solar heat, wind energy, and rain energy towards carbon sustainability and net zero is critical in the post-pandemic world, where economic activities gradually recover with ever-increasing electricity demands. Ubiquitous ambient energy sources, such as solar illuminations, wind fluctuations, ground heat, humidity variations, and raindrops, are typically season-/climate-dependent and present as sunny/cloudy/rainy weather and diurnal cycles.
	21st century Total Wars will enlist technologies in ways we don't yet understand, researcher says The war in Ukraine is not only the largest European land war since the Second World War. It is also the first large-scale shooting war between two technologically advanced countries to be fought in cyberspace as well.
	Netflix reopens Hollywood's 'Egyptian' movie palace The Egyptian Theatre, which hosted Hollywood's first-ever red carpet premiere in its faux hieroglyph-adorned courtyard more than a century ago, reopens this week under the new ownership of Netflix.
	For Hollywood, AI is a threat. For indie filmmakers, it's a lifeline Blazers brushed up against streetwear. Miniature cameras dangled from a woman's earrings. One man's hoodie read: "Rendered With Love."
	Nextdoor lays off 25% of its full-time staff as neighborhood social network works to cut costs Nextdoor is laying off 25% of its full-time staff as the neighborhood-focused social network company cuts costs with its losses widening.
	Chinese auto sales surged 10% year-on-year in October in fastest growth since May, exports up 50% Sales of passenger cars rose 10.2% in October over a year earlier, an industry association said Wednesday, as makers ramped up promotions and customers opted for electric and hybrid vehicles.
	GM, Stellantis among group investing $33M in company that makes magnets without rare earth metals The venture capital arms of General Motors and Stellantis are among investors sinking $33 million into a Minnesota company with technology to make magnets for electric vehicle motors without using expensive rare-earth metals.
	Switzerland ends electric car tax exemption Switzerland on Wednesday scrapped a tax exemption for imports of electric cars, whose growing presence on Swiss roads has cut into tax revenues.
	Grand Theft Auto maker to release new game's trailer in December The maker of "Grand Theft Auto," one of the biggest-selling video game series of all time, said Wednesday it will release a trailer next month for the long-awaited next installment.
	Research uncovers potential and challenge of iridium L-band burst transmission for opportunistic navigation A research team from the Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIR) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has been delving into the iridium L-band downlink burst transmissions to explore their potential as Signals of Opportunity (SoOP) for navigation. Their findings were published in Electronics Letters.
	A new perspective on Petri net learning The state space explosion problem means that the state space of Petri nets (PNs) grows exponentially with PNs' size. Even the fundamental reachability problem is still an NP-Hard problem in general. It has been proved that the equivalence problem for the reachability set of arbitrary PNs is undecidable except for some subclass of PNs. That is, the reachability problem of arbitrary PNs cannot be solved exactly. Nowadays, there is no efficient and accurate algorithm to solve the problem.

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