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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 16, 2023:

Technology news

	Technique enables AI on edge devices to keep learning over time Personalized deep-learning models can enable artificial intelligence chatbots that adapt to understand a user's accent or smart keyboards that continuously update to better predict the next word based on someone's typing history. This customization requires constant fine-tuning of a machine-learning model with new data.
	Altering our language can help us deal with the intelligence of chatbots New research suggests reframing how we talk about and interact with large language models may help us adapt to their intelligence.
	Enhancing hydrogen fuel cell durability via tungsten oxide coating When purchasing a smartphone, one of your primary considerations is typically finding a durable case and a screen protector to safeguard the device from external harm. Similarly, a group of researchers from POSTECH has recently garnered attention in the academic world by introducing a tungsten coating that functions as a shield, much like these protective cases and films, for eco-friendly hydrogen fuel cell electrodes.
	Examining the mind's eye of a neural network system In the background of image recognition software that can ID our friends on social media and wildflowers in our yard are neural networks, a type of artificial intelligence inspired by how own our brains process data.
	Creating realistic 'talking heads' with an AI-powered program A team of researchers led by Assoc Prof Lu Shijian from the NTU School of Computer Science and Engineering has developed a computer program that creates realistic videos that reflect the facial expressions and head movements of the person speaking, only requiring an audio clip and a face photo.
	Deep Mind's Student of Games AI system can beat humans at a variety of games A team of AI researchers from EquiLibre Technologies, Sony AI, Amii and Midjourney, working with Google's DeepMind project, has developed an AI system called Student of Games (SoG) that is capable of both beating humans at a variety of games and learning to play new ones. In their paper published in the journal Science Advances, the group describes the new system and its capabilities.
	Research proposes night-time radiative warming using the atmosphere Warming has played a crucial role in various industrial and agricultural processes throughout history. Night-time warming, however, presents a distinct challenge due to the absence of solar radiation. During the night, direct radiative heat loss to outer space through the atmospheric transparent window (8–14 μm) can cause temperature to drop below freezing, posing significant threats to agriculture (crops), transportation (outdoor cables), and more.
	Reclaiming carbon fibers from discarded composite materials Minimizing energy consumption is a fundamental element in our journey towards sustainable societies, and advanced materials play a key role in this regard. Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) and carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTPs) are two prominent examples of composite materials that can significantly improve energy efficiency in various fields of application.
	Using virtual reality to research phantom sensations Virtual reality (VR) is not only a technology for games and entertainment, but also has potential in science and medicine. Researchers at Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, have now gained new insights into human perception with the help of VR. They used virtual reality scenarios in which subjects touched their own bodies with a virtual object.
	Alibaba cancels cloud service spinoff over US chip restrictions Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba said Thursday it was cancelling a planned cloud service spinoff announced this year over US chip restrictions, as it reported results for the third quarter of 2023 that were in line with market expectations.
	TikTok and Meta challenge Europe's new rules that crack down on digital giants TikTok and Facebook owner Meta are filing legal challenges against new European Union rules designed to counter the dominance of digital giants and make online competition fairer by giving consumers more choice.
	EU agrees data-sharing scheme for Airbnb-style rentals An EU-wide data-sharing scheme for Airbnb and similar rentals to help crack down on illegal short-term lets is a step closer after negotiators struck agreement Thursday.
	Morphing cones under compression: New research uncovers surprises for soft robotic actuators Cambridge engineers investigating the load-bearing capacity of conical shells, made from soft materials, have discovered performance-limiting weaknesses that could have implications for soft robotics—affecting the ability of morphing cones to perform fundamental mechanical tasks.
	The AI of war: Computers and autonomous killing Like gunpowder and the atomic bomb, artificial intelligence (AI) has the capacity to revolutionize warfare, analysts say, making human disputes unimaginably different—and a lot more deadly.
	No, you're not that good at detecting fake videos—two misinformation experts explain how to recognize them Someone tracking the conflict raging in the Middle East could have seen the following two videos on social media. The first shows a little boy hovering over his father's dead body, whimpering in Arabic, "Don't leave me." The second purports to show a pregnant woman with her stomach slashed open and claims to document the testimony of a paramedic who handled victims' bodies after Hamas' attack in Israel on Oct. 7, 2023.
	AI is already being melded with robotics—one outcome could be powerful new weapons Interest in the incorporation of robots into security, policing and military operations has been steadily increasing over the last few years. It's an avenue already being explored in both North America and Europe.
	Long hours and low wages: The human labor powering AI's development The Finnish tech firm Metroc recently began using prison labor to train a large language model to improve artificial intelligence (AI) technology. For 1.54 euros an hour prisoners answer simple questions about snippets of text in a process known as data labeling.
	What designers can do to make textiles healthier for people and the planet The pollution caused by the textile industry is often discussed, but its impact on health is less emphasized. Nevertheless, the petrochemical compounds used in the manufacturing of our clothes have harmful effects on workers, surrounding communities, and consumers. This issue has a global impact, but its assessment is complex due to our low chronic exposure to a "cocktail" of synthetic substances whose cause-and-effect relationships are difficult to identify.
	A nanosatellite and a hot air balloon for emergency broadband anywhere It is estimated that 95% of the planet's population has access to broadband internet, via cable or a mobile network. However, there are still some places and situations in which staying connected can be very difficult. Quick responses are necessary in emergency situations, such as after an earthquake or during a conflict. So too are reliable telecommunications networks that are not susceptible to outages and damage to infrastructure, networks can be used to share data that is vital for people's well-being.
	Video: Modeling turbofan engines to understand aircraft noise Airplane engines are loud—just ask anyone who lives near an airport. Increased air traffic from next-generation aircraft has the potential for even more disruptive noise. Researchers and engineers at NASA are working to reduce noise generated by turbofan engines, but each new design requires certification and testing to understand how much noise it will generate during takeoff and approach.
	Five ways to cool cities as temperatures soar As Australia heads into an El Niño summer, UNSW's Dr. Negin Nazarian, an expert in urban climate, explains five crucial strategies to keep cities—and people—cooler.
	Real-time measurement error assessment for intelligent energy meters A study aimed at improving the accuracy and reliability of grid electricity meters, particularly under challenging on-site conditions is published in the International Journal of Information and Communication Technology. The research offers practical suggestions for assessing and optimizing measurement performance.
	No one-size-fits-all solution for the net-zero grid, researchers say As power generation from sources like solar and wind increases, along with the introduction of devices such as heat pumps and batteries, a new optimization tool created at the University of Surrey will help the UK plan for a greener electricity network.
	UAE inaugurates giant solar plant, two weeks before climate talks The United Arab Emirates inaugurated on Thursday one of the world's biggest solar plants, two weeks before the oil-rich Gulf state hosts UN climate talks.
	Amazon will allow US customers to buy cars on its site from local car dealers starting next year Want to buy a car on Amazon? Well, now you might get your chance.
	L.A. asks how to equitably achieve 100% clean energy by 2035 In 2021, after the LA100 analysis laid out pathways for the city of Los Angeles to produce 100% renewable electricity, the City Council and Los Angeles Department of Water and Power committed to pursuing the most ambitious—and expensive—scenario: achieving the goal by 2035 at a cost of nearly $40 billion.
	Boosting thermal energy storage with polyelectrolytes Oak Ridge National Laboratory researchers have demonstrated that an additive made from polymers and electrolytes improves the thermal performance and stability of salt hydrate phase change materials, or PCMs, a finding that could advance their integration into carbon-reducing heat pumps.
	Q&A: What impact will the Biden administration's executive order have on AI development? Robert Brunner is the associate dean for innovation and chief disruption officer at the Gies College of Business at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Brunner spoke with News Bureau business and law editor Phil Ciciora about the Biden administration's executive order on artificial intelligence systems.
	Researchers develop device that can switch between photodetector and neuromorphic vision sensor Photodetectors and neuromorphic vision sensors are two typical optoelectronic devices that play important roles in sensing and processing optical information. Photodetectors have fast light response and high sensitivity, making them suitable for optical sensing, communication, and imaging systems. Neuromorphic vision sensors can perceive, store, and process light signals.
	Q&A: How an assistive-feeding robot went from picking up fruit salads to whole meals According to data from 2010, around 1.8 million people in the U.S. can't eat on their own. Yet training a robot to feed people presents an array of challenges for researchers. Foods come in a nearly endless variety of shapes and states (liquid, solid, gelatinous), and each person has a unique set of needs and preferences.
	Lithium-ion batteries are no longer the gold standard in battery tech, researchers say The use of lithium metal as the anode for batteries is one of the smarter options with better energy density than other materials. However, the interface between the electrode and electrolyte has quite a few issues that can be addressed for a safer and more functional outcome in the future.
	When sticking with old technology can be a strategic move Technological innovation—especially disruptive innovation—is often heralded as the best strategy for a company. But new research published in Strategic Management Journal found that as competitors adopt new technology in some markets, firms that stick with the old technology may experience an initial decline before actually rebounding and even reaching new heights.
	AI threatens millions of South Korean jobs, central bank says Nearly four million jobs in South Korea are at risk of being replaced by artificial intelligence technology over the next two decades, a central bank study released on Thursday said.
	Musk's X launches court fight with Australian watchdog Australia's online safety watchdog said Thursday it was being taken to court by Elon Musk's X in a fight over the platform's failure to outline how it combats child sexual abuse content.
	In Mexico, building a rail rival to the Panama Canal At Mexico's narrowest point, linking the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, the government is building a railway rival to the Panama Canal with promises of economic bounty but amid fears of environmental and social harm.
	Long-haul carrier Emirates orders 15 Airbus A350 after engine dispute during Dubai Air Show Long-haul carrier Emirates said Thursday it will purchase 15 additional Airbus A350-900s worth $6 billion after a spat between the airline and the European manufacturer went unusually public during this week's Dubai Air Show.
	Siemens nets record profits, but outlook cautious German industrial giant Siemens on Thursday gave a cautious sales forecast for 2024, after netting a record profit in the previous financial year driven by its digital division.
	How to prepare your home for extreme cold As night falls earlier and temperatures drop, it's time to get cozy under a blanket and brew your favorite tea.
	New shipping report highlights benefits of reducing underwater radiated noise A new report by the University of Southampton has been launched to assess the relationship between measures aimed at enhancing ship energy efficiency and underwater radiated noise emissions.
	Invention reduces cost of manufacturing quick-charging devices In the course of the transition to e-mobility, range and charging times are becoming increasingly important for more and more people. That's why possibilities for faster charging are of ever-greater interest. Quick charging and charging large batteries require a lot of power. However, manufacturing costs for these high-powered devices remain very high today.

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