Science X Newsletter Thu, Nov 2

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 2, 2023:

Technology news

	GPT-4 falls short of Turing threshold One question has relentlessly followed ChatGPT in its trajectory to superstar status in the field of artificial intelligence: Has it met the Turing test of generating output indistinguishable from human response?
	Deep decarbonization scenarios reveal importance of accelerating zero-emission vehicle adoption The rapid adoption of zero-emission electric vehicles will move the nation close to an 80% or more drop in transportation greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 from the 2019 level according to researchers from the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
	Two million European households could abandon the electrical grid by 2050, say energy researchers Researchers report that 53% of European freestanding homes could have supplied all their own energy needs in 2020 using only local rooftop solar radiation, and this technical feasibility could increase to 75% in 2050.
	Researchers develop solid-state thermal transistor for better heat management A team of researchers from UCLA has unveiled a first-of-its-kind stable and fully solid-state thermal transistor that uses an electric field to control a semiconductor device's heat movement.
	Learning to forget—a weapon in the arsenal against harmful AI With the AI summit well underway, researchers are keen to raise the very real problem associated with the technology—teaching it how to forget.
	While rare, why do batteries sometimes catch fire and explode? How likely would an electric vehicle battery self-combust and explode? The chances of that happening are actually pretty slim: Some analysts say that gasoline vehicles are nearly 30 times more likely to catch fire than electric vehicles. But recent news of EVs catching fire while parked have left many consumers—and researchers—scratching their heads over how these rare events could possibly happen.
	America's low-carbon transition could improve employment opportunities for all The U.S. is likely to see consistent job growth from the transition to net zero, but the gains will be unevenly distributed, shows a new analysis. The analysis, conducted by Imperial College London researchers and published today in Nature Climate Change, shows that some states will need new policies to ensure a 'just' transition.
	New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry Researchers led by Professor Kang Kisuk of the Center for Nanoparticle Research within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS), have announced a major breakthrough in the field of next-generation solid-state batteries. It is believed that their new findings will enable the creation of batteries based on a novel chloride-based solid electrolyte that exhibits exceptional ionic conductivity.
	AI image generators can be tricked into making NSFW content A new test of popular AI image generators shows that while they're supposed to make only G-rated pictures, they can be hacked to create not suitable for work (NSFW) content.
	Using language to give robots a better grasp of an open-ended world Imagine you're visiting a friend abroad, and you look inside their fridge to see what would make for a great breakfast. Many of the items initially appear foreign to you, with each one encased in unfamiliar packaging and containers. Despite these visual distinctions, you begin to understand what each one is used for and pick them up as needed.
	Iraq inches toward solar-powered future In a small village in the mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan, solar panels adorn most homes, part of a small but growing effort to harness the sun's energy in Iraq, where electricity is scarce.
	Disney to complete takeover of Hulu with $8.6 bn deal The Walt Disney Company on Wednesday announced it will buy Comcast's $8.6 billion stake in Hulu, completing its takeover of the streaming service.
	Researchers train AI to identify least green homes "Hard-to-decarbonize" (HtD) houses are responsible for over a quarter of all direct housing emissions—a major obstacle to achieving net zero—but are rarely identified or targeted for improvement.
	Political and tech leaders tackle AI safety at inaugural summit UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak on Thursday hosts political and tech leaders at the inaugural global AI safety summit, predicting the technology will radically alter society for generations to come.
	AI: The real threat may be the way that governments choose to use it The significant risks that AI poses to global security are becoming clearer. That's partly why UK prime minister Rishi Sunak is hosting other world leaders at the AI Safety summit on November 1-2 at the famous second world war code-breaking site Bletchley Park. Yet while the technology of AI is developing at an alarming pace, the real threat may come from governments themselves.
	Novel design method optimizes performance of microelectromechanical system pressure sensor A research team led by Prof. Wang Junbo from the Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIR) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has introduced a novel simulation-based evolutionary method for the design of parameter-free microelectromechanical system (MEMS) structures, which aims to maximize the degrees of freedom in MEMS design.
	Study shows underground car parks heat up groundwater and proposes a geothermal energy solution The heat given off by car engines warms up underground car parks in such a way that the heat passes through the ground into the groundwater. In Berlin alone, enough energy is transferred to the groundwater to supply 14,660 households with heat. This finding was made by a team from Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, and the University of Basel.
	Clarity on daily life applications of cryptocurrency key to attracting and retaining users, says study Cryptocurrency providers need to be clearer on how their digital coins can help people in their daily lives to attract and retain users, according to research published in Information Technology & People by Nottingham Business School (NBS), part of Nottingham Trent University, which explores how people use cryptocurrencies.
	To secure raw materials, Europe turns to recycling Extracting gold, silver and other commodities from discarded goods has industrial, geopolitical and environmental benefits for the EU.
	Amazon used an algorithm to essentially raise prices on other sites, the FTC says Amazon used a secret algorithm that essentially helped the company raise prices on other online sites and "destroyed" some internal communications as the Federal Trade Commission was investigating the company, according to newly unredacted portions of the agency's antitrust lawsuit against the e-commerce giant.
	UN chief leads calls for 'united' response to AI threats UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called Thursday for a "united, sustained, global response" to artificial intelligence threats, as Western allies agreed a safety framework for new cutting-edge models at a world-first summit in Britain.
	Advances in machine learning for nuclear power operations spell a brighter future for carbon-free energy In an impressive combination of nuclear technology and machine learning (ML), a team of scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory has unveiled a significant finding in maintaining safety and efficiency in a type of next-generation nuclear reactor, known as a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR).
	Students design prototype so that exterminating bed bugs will no longer require a 'human sacrifice' In the category of household pests, few are as difficult to exterminate as bed bugs. Pesticide treatments depend on someone sleeping in the infested room as living bait to lure the creatures out of their hiding places for an evening's blood feast—a big sacrifice for most people. The process can take weeks and presents a conundrum for hotels and guest houses.
	Algorithms descend into sewers to improve inspections They never cross our minds until they become damaged and then they're a huge problem: our sewers. Their maintenance could be much faster and more accurate, Ph.D. candidate Dirk Meijer has discovered. Algorithms are also proving to be a godsend deep underground.
	AI should be better understood and managed, new research warns Artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithms can and are being used to radicalize, polarize, and spread racism and political instability, says a Lancaster University academic.
	Making electric vehicles last: Team develops polymer binder to extend dual-ion battery lifespan In the realm of electric vehicles, powered by stored electric energy, the key lies in rechargeable batteries capable of enduring multiple charge cycles. Lithium-ion batteries have been the poster child for this application. However, due to limitations in energy storage capacity and other associated challenges, the focus has shifted to an intriguing alternative known as dual-ion batteries (DIBs).
	Uber, Lyft to pay $328 mn to drivers after New York state probe Uber and Lyft will pay $328 million to settle a New York probe alleging that the companies "cheated" drivers, in an accord that also establishes paid sick leave, state officials announced Thursday.
	Research unveils the complex nature of human–AI interactions New research in Management Science is providing insights for business leaders on how work experience affects employees interacting with AI.
	Creating efficient p-type transparent conductors Transparent conductors are essential for many devices, such as touch screens and solar cells. Copper iodide (CuI) can conduct electricity while staying see-through but is not as good as some other materials. Researchers from the University of Twente managed to improve the conductivity of CuI while keeping 75% of its transparency. By adding a tiny bit of sulfur, their new material moves us one step closer to fully transparent electronic devices.
	Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant starts 3rd release of treated radioactive wastewater into the sea The tsunami-damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant began its third release of treated and diluted radioactive wastewater into the sea Thursday after Japanese officials said the two earlier releases ended smoothly.
	Solar mini-grids offer clean-power hope to rural Africa Working as a nurse in her rural Nigerian village, Andat Datau faced more than her share of challenges. But delivering babies by torchlight was always hard.
	S&P says sharing office space giant WeWork in 'selective default' Embattled flexible workspace provider WeWork is in "selective default" after failing to meet conditions set by debt holders, ratings agency S&P said Wednesday.
	Ferrari shifts up targets after 'record quarter' Italian luxury carmaker Ferrari raised its financial targets for the year Thursday to eye sales of 5.9 billion euros ($6.3 billion) after another "record quarter".
	Q&A: We need to better understand public resistance toward wind turbines and solar cells Wind turbines, solar cells, and, before long, Power-to-X plants are being installed all over Denmark, but the large plants are not always welcomed by the locals. This can inhibit the green transition, and it is an understudied research topic, according to Julia Kirch Kirkegaard, Associate Professor at DTU Wind.
	YouTube takes aim at teens binging on body image videos YouTube on Thursday said it tweaked its recommendation system in the United States to prevent teens from binging on videos idealizing certain body types.
	Listen to the last new Beatles song with John, Paul, George, Ringo and AI tech: 'Now and Then' The final Beatles recording is here.
	Chip design with machine learning: A survey from an algorithm perspective A paper published in the journal Science China Information Sciences comprehensively surveys existing works of chip design with ML algorithms from an algorithm perspective. To accomplish this goal, the authors propose a novel and systematical taxonomy for the target problems at different stages in chip design. The taxonomy aims to guide selecting and designing ML algorithms for the target problems, taking into account their existing challenges, as well as to provide a comprehensive summary of chip design with ML algorithms for researchers.
	Jury begins deliberations in Bankman-Fried crypto trial Jurors began deliberations in the trial of Sam Bankman Fried, the one time cryptocurrency golden boy who is accused of massive fraud by stealing customer money as he built his empire.

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