Science X Newsletter Tue, Nov 14

Dear manoj dole,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 14, 2023:

Technology news

	Integrated circuits based on a 2D semiconductor operating at GHz frequencies Transistors are crucial electronic components that regulate, amplify and control the flow of current inside most existing devices. In recent years, electronics engineers have been trying to identify materials and design strategies that could help to further improve the performance of transistors, while also reducing their size.
	A system that allows robots to use tools creatively by leveraging large language models Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and Google DeepMind recently developed RoboTool, a system that can broaden the capabilities of robots, allowing them to use tools in more creative ways. This system, introduced in a paper published on the arXiv preprint server, could soon bring a new wave of innovation and creativity to the field of robotics.
	Tunneling recombination layer boosts efficiency of tandem solar cells Prof. Ye Jichun's team from the Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), along with researchers from Soochow University, have developed a polycrystalline silicon tunneling recombination layer for perovskite/tunnel oxide passivating contact (TOPCon) silicon tandem solar cells (TSCs), which has achieved excellent efficiency and high stability.
	Experimental brain-like computing system more accurate with custom algorithm An experimental computing system physically modeled after the biological brain has "learned" to identify handwritten numbers with an overall accuracy of 93.4%. The key innovation in the experiment was a new training algorithm that gave the system continuous information about its success at the task in real time while it learned. The study was published in Nature Communications.
	Inch by inch, this machine is leading soft robotics to a more energy efficient future Princeton researchers have developed a flexible, lightweight and energy efficient soft robot that moves without the use of any legs or rotary parts. Instead, the device uses actuators that convert electrical energy into vibrations that allow it to wiggle from point to point using only a single watt.
	Cloud data storage security approach taps quantum physics Distributed cloud storage is a hot topic for security researchers around the globe pursuing secure data storage, and a team in China is now merging quantum physics with mature cryptography and storage techniques to achieve a cost-effective cloud storage solution.
	Cracking the da Vinci chronology: System tries to bring order to the works of a Renaissance genius Leonardo da Vinci may have been a genius, but he was also a hot mess—at least in terms of organizing his works. When he died in 1519, the Renaissance master left behind 7,000 pages of undated drawings, scientific observations and personal journals, more or less jumbled up in a box. So, when his assistant collected da Vinci's papers, he did his best to collate them into journals, or codices, mostly based on subject matter. Ever since, art historians have used all sorts of techniques to make an accurate timeline of the various documents now held in museums and collections across the world.
	A new blueprint for designing high-performance batteries A team of scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory discovered an intriguing cooperative behavior that occurs among complex mixtures of components in electrolytes in batteries. Electrolytes are materials that move charge-carrying particles known as ions between a battery's two electrodes, converting stored chemical energy into electricity.
	The new frontier in online security: Quantum-safe cryptography A team of experts led by Monash University researchers, in collaboration with Australia's national science agency CSIRO, has created an algorithm that can help strengthen online transactions that use end-to-end encryption against powerful attacks from quantum computers.
	Capturing wellhead gases for profit and a cleaner environment Burning of natural gas at oil and gas wells, called flaring, is a major waste of fossil fuels and a contributor to climate change. But to date, capturing the flared natural gas, estimated at some 140 billion cubic meters per year by the International Energy Agency, has not been economically feasible.
	A new benchmark for high-performance carbon cathodes in lithium-oxygen batteries Lithium-air batteries, sometimes known as lithium-oxygen batteries (Li-O2), comprise a lithium metal anode, an organic electrolyte and a porous carbon cathode. During discharge, oxygen in the surrounding air reacts with lithium at the cathode, releasing energy in the process. Given their extremely high energy density (> 3500 Wh kg-1), Li-O2 batteries could potentially lead the way in generating greener sources for energy security.
	YouTube creators will soon have to disclose use of gen AI in videos or risk suspension YouTube is rolling out new rules for AI content, including a requirement that creators reveal whether they've used generative artificial intelligence to make realistic looking videos.
	Why Google and Meta owe news publishers much more than you think—and billions more than they'd like to admit In a time of war and populism, the world needs quality information and credible news outlets. Local news is a part of this healthy ecology.
	Q&A: Automakers cleared in privacy lawsuit. Are your text messages and call logs at risk? A federal judge in Seattle has thrown out a class-action lawsuit alleging that some of the top automakers had used vehicles' onboard infotainment systems to record and intercept drivers' texts and phone call logs.
	New 3D printing method creates a steel-aluminum fusion hybrid Steel and aluminum are key players in supporting economic growth, yet materials joining them remain unexplored due to their fusion zones' brittleness. A new 3D printing method's fix may be a step toward a steel-aluminum hybrid renaissance.
	Developing security protocols for misuse-resistant digital surveillance Privacy is gaining importance in our digital society. There is a strong demand for anonymity and confidentiality of data according to the European General Data Protection Regulation.
	Web tool looks belowground for an economically viable renewable energy source Geothermal power has a lot of promise as a renewable energy source that is not dependent on the sun shining or the wind blowing, but it has some challenges to wide adoption. One of these challenges is that there are a limited number of locations in the U.S. that naturally have the right conditions: hot rock relatively close to the surface and with plentiful groundwater to heat up.
	What is the difference between AI ethics, responsible AI, and trustworthy AI? AI is everywhere—driving cars, diagnosing illnesses, making credit decisions, ranking job candidates, identifying faces, assessing parolees. These headlines alone should be enough to convince you that AI is far from ethical. Nonetheless, terms like "ethical AI" prevail alongside equally problematic terms like "trustworthy AI."
	New CPU vulnerability extends to virtual machine environments In the area of cloud computing—on-demand access to IT resources via the internet—so-called trusted execution environments (TEEs) play a major role. They are designed to ensure that the data on the virtual work environments (virtual machines) is secure and cannot be manipulated or stolen.
	Battery energy storage systems are here: Is your community ready? Across the nation, the transition to clean energy will require thoughtful conversation and robust planning for communities. In fact, many communities are already being asked to evaluate building proposals for a relatively new kind of utility infrastructure: battery energy storage systems (commonly called BESS).
	Assessing the solvency of virtual asset service providers: Are current standards sufficient? The collapse of FTX clearly highlights the importance of being able to evaluate the solvency of cryptocurrency exchanges. Currently, this is only possible to a limited extent. That's why researchers from the Complexity Science Hub (CSH), in collaboration with the Financial Market Authority (FMA) and the Austrian National Bank (OeNB), are now proposing a new approach.
	Musk's X fails to pay Australian watchdog fine Elon Musk's X has not paid a fine imposed for failing to outline its plans to stamp out content depicting child sexual abuse on the platform, Australia's internet safety watchdog told AFP on Tuesday.
	China emissions could fall in 2024 on renewables jump China's carbon emissions are likely to fall in 2024 because record growth in renewable energy capacity is now sufficient to cover growing demand, a new analysis finds.
	1962 Ferrari auctioned for $51.7 mn in New York: Sotheby's A 1962 Ferrari 250 GTO sports car sold for $51.7 million in New York on Monday, making it the second most expensive car ever sold at auction, Sotheby's said.
	Apple supplier Foxconn says profits fueled by holiday season demand Key iPhone supplier Foxconn posted "better-than-expected" profits in its third quarter, with leadership on Tuesday attributing the surprise jump to demand ahead of the holiday season.
	Ethiopian Airlines snaps up 31 Boeings in 'landmark' deal Ethiopian Airlines ordered 31 Boeing jets with an option for 36 more in a "landmark" deal on Tuesday as it joined the list of companies betting big on the growth of aviation.
	Long-haul carrier Emirates signals it will hold off on major Airbus purchase over engine worries Long-haul carrier Emirates signaled Tuesday it will hold off on a major purchase of Airbus A350 aircraft over concerns about their Rolls Royce engines, marking a major blow for the European manufacturer during the Dubai Air Show.
	Compostable capsules most sustainable option for single-serve coffee units: Study Wageningen University & Research has assessed the environmental impacts and circularity of different materials for single serve coffee capsules, when subjected to various end-of-life scenarios. When both material circularity and greenhouse gas emissions are considered, compostable capsules are the most sustainable option.
	Stellantis production affected by cyberattack at auto supplier Production at the maker of Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep and Ram models is being affected after a cyberattack on an automotive supplier disrupted its operations, the automaker said.
	An approach for unsupervised domain adaptation based on an integrated autoencoder Unsupervised domain adaptation has garnered a great amount of attention and research in past decades. Among all the deep-based methods, the autoencoder-based approach has achieved sound performance for its fast convergence speed and a no-label requirement. The existing methods of autoencoders just serially connect the features generated by different autoencoders, which poses challenges for discriminative representation learning and which fails to find the real cross-domain features.
	After Beatles, AI to bring Edith Piaf voice back to life for biopic A new biopic on the life of Edith Piaf will use artificial intelligence to allow the French star to narrate her own story, Warner Music and her estate said on Tuesday.
	Siemens Energy gets state-backed 15-bn-euro rescue package Siemens Energy will receive a 15-billion-euro ($16.3-billion), state-backed rescue package, Berlin said Tuesday, as the German group struggles to overcome a crisis in its wind power unit.
	UK govt urges food delivery firms to step up vetting The UK government on Tuesday urged online food delivery platforms such as Uber Eats, Just Eat and Deliveroo to step up driver vetting to protect people and prevent unauthorized immigrants working illegally.
	Book examines hackers in Mexico, whose work leads them to reflect on the roles they play in society Several years ago, MIT anthropologist Héctor Beltrán '07 attended an event in Mexico billed as the first all-women's hackathon in Latin America. But the programmers were not the only women there. When the time came for the hackathon pitches, a large number of family members arrived to watch.
	New report finds scammers are repeatedly targeting older people Two out of three older people have been targeted by scammers in the last year, leaving them frightened, depressed and even suicidal, according to new research from leading charity Re-engage and the University of Portsmouth.

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