Science X Newsletter Mon, Oct 16

Dear manoj dole,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for October 16, 2023:

Technology news

	A quantum algorithm for the segmentation of a moving target in grayscale videos Computer vision algorithms have become increasingly advanced over the past decades, enabling the development of sophisticated technologies to monitor specific environments, detect objects of interest in video footage and uncover suspicious activities in CCTV recordings. Some of these algorithms are specifically designed to detect and isolate moving objects or people of interest in a video, a task known as moving target segmentation.
	Research team counters solar energy misinformation Resistance to adoption of solar panels as an economical and efficient replacement for fossil fuels is based on inaccurate information being spread by foes of renewable energy.
	New system to harness 40% of the sun's heat to produce clean hydrogen fuel MIT engineers aim to produce totally green, carbon-free hydrogen fuel with a new, train-like system of reactors that is driven solely by the sun.
	Tiny memory cell withstands extreme temperatures, enables smaller and better semiconductors for microelectronics Materials scientists at Kiel University and the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Technology in Itzehoe (ISIT) have cleared another hurdle in the development and structuring of new materials for next-generation semiconductor devices, such as novel memory cells.
	Scientists advance voice pathology detection via adversarial continual learning Voice pathology refers to a problem arising from abnormal conditions, such as dysphonia, paralysis, cysts, and even cancer, that cause abnormal vibrations in the vocal cords (or vocal folds). In this context, voice pathology detection (VPD) has received much attention as a non-invasive way to automatically detect voice problems. It consists of two processing modules: a feature extraction module to characterize normal voices and a voice detection module to detect abnormal ones.
	Study: Deep neural networks don't see the world the way we do Human sensory systems are very good at recognizing objects that we see or words that we hear, even if the object is upside down or the word is spoken by a voice we've never heard.
	Using a large-scale dataset holding a million real-world conversations to study how people interact with LLMs A team of computer scientists at the University of California Berkeley, working with one colleague from the University of California San Diego and another from Carnegie Mellon University, has created a large-scale dataset of 1 million real-world conversations to study how people interact with large language models (LLMs). They have published a paper describing their work and findings on the arXiv preprint server.
	Neutrons see stress in 3D-printed parts, advancing additive manufacturing Using neutrons to see the additive manufacturing process at the atomic level, scientists have shown that they can measure strain in a material as it evolves and track how atoms move in response to stress.
	Human body movements may enable automated emotion recognition, researchers say An individual may bring their hands to their face when feeling sad or jump into the air when feeling happy. Human body movements convey emotions, which plays a crucial role in everyday communication, according to a team led by Penn State researchers. Combining computing, psychology and performing arts, the researchers developed an annotated human movement dataset that may improve the ability of artificial intelligence to recognize the emotions expressed through body language.
	A method to interpret AI might not be so interpretable after all As autonomous systems and artificial intelligence become increasingly common in daily life, new methods are emerging to help humans check that these systems are behaving as expected. One method, called formal specifications, uses mathematical formulas that can be translated into natural-language expressions. Some researchers claim that this method can be used to spell out decisions an AI will make in a way that is interpretable to humans.
	Cars are a 'privacy nightmare on wheels'. Here's how they get away with collecting and sharing your data Cars with internet-connected features are fast becoming all-seeing data-harvesting machines—a so-called "privacy nightmare on wheels," according to US-based research conducted by the Mozilla Foundation.
	If the first solar entrepreneur hadn't been kidnapped, would fossil fuels have dominated the 20th century? One argument put forward in defense of fossil fuels is that they were a historical necessity, because there was no other viable substitute for much of the 20th century. We owe fossil fuels a debt of gratitude, the argument goes, because they supercharged our development. But what if I told you there was a viable alternative, and that it may have been sabotaged by fossil fuel interests from its very inception?
	Microsoft spent two years trying to buy Activision Blizzard. For Xbox CEO, that was the easy part After two years co-piloting the biggest acquisition in video game history past an onslaught of challenges, Xbox CEO Phil Spencer now moves on to his next quest: making Microsoft's takeover of Activision Blizzard worth the hassle.
	Biden unveils 'hydrogen hubs' in push for 2024 President Joe Biden announced new "hydrogen hubs" across the United States on Friday as part of efforts to boost the economy with green energy ahead of the 2024 election.
	IOC to explore Olympic eSports Games The International Olympic Committee is looking at creating an Olympic eSports Games, IOC president Thomas Bach announced on Saturday.
	Australian safety watchdog fines social platform X $385,000 for not tackling child abuse content Australia's online safety watchdog said on Monday it had fined X—the social media platform formerly known as Twitter—610,500 Australian dollars ($385,000) for failing to fully explain how it tackled child sexual exploitation content.
	Research team proposes innovative wearable e-textiles for a sustainable circular economy If electronic textiles (e-textiles) are to have a sustainable future and at scale, then a transition is needed to unlock innovative wearable e-textiles that fit a sustainable circular economy—adopting what has been termed as the 4R design concept: repair; recycle; replace; reduce.
	Zinc-air batteries show commercial promise Our electronic world is full of batteries, and WA's renewable future may rely on them too.
	LinkedIn cuts more than 600 workers, about 3% of workforce LinkedIn said Monday it is laying off hundreds of employees amounting to about 3% of the social media company's workforce.
	Sacked Kenya moderators say mediation with Meta collapses Facebook content moderators in Kenya said settlement talks to resolve a lawsuit against the social media giant's parent Meta collapsed on Monday, setting the stage for a renewed court battle.
	How safe is women's motorcycle gear? Textile experts put it to the test In 2021–22, 24% of people seriously injured on Australian roads and requiring hospitalization were motorcyclists.
	Clearing forests to erect solar panels may not be clean-energy solution Evidence of the clean-energy transition abounds, with solar panels dotting rooftops, parking lots, and open spaces. In Massachusetts, future proliferation of these sunlight-soaking cells will be a high priority: About five times more solar energy will be needed to reach the state's goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.
	Researchers: Criminal activities caused losses of $30 billion in the crypto sector from 2017 to 2022 Digital financial products are increasingly coming under the crosshairs of cyberattacks. However, evidence-based results are not yet available regarding the actual magnitude of this threat. Researchers from the Complexity Science Hub and the University of Montreal have now, for the first time, shown that the global damage amounts to at least $30 billion and is on the rise. A preprint of the study was recently published on arXiv.
	A robust solution to fake news: Researchers are developing new technologies to combat disinformation Cutting-edge technologies gave the world fake news, but researchers from the University of Waterloo's Faculty of Engineering are developing even newer technology to stop it. Their innovative system—the first of its kind—relies on something already famous for underpinning Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies—blockchain. But in addition to sophisticated machines, these researchers are enlisting humans to establish the truth. Their goal is a world where people have greater trust in the news they see and hear.
	Smartphone sales sag globally: market tracker Sales of smartphones continued to shrink globally in the recently-ended quarter as consumers watched spending, market tracker Counterpoint reported on Monday.
	New algorithm to help control quality of electricity in local generation systems With the new stage of energy transition in progress, the key tendency of power market development today is distributed power generation, which is characterized by decentralization, smart energy systems, involvement of consumers, and a higher share of renewable energy sources. In distributed generation systems, electricity comes from a number of local power objects, instead of one large station. For example, home owners who use solar panels can sell excess electricity back into the grid.
	Ford Executive Chair Bill Ford calls on autoworkers to end strike, says company's future is at stake Ford Motor Co. Executive Chairman Bill Ford called on autoworkers to come together to end a monthlong strike that he says could cost the company the ability to invest in the future.
	Using blockchain technology to assist with the green transition Greenwashing scams, murky networks and poor oversight cloud the experiences of climate-conscious consumers and investors. Research from the University of Copenhagen demonstrates that we can create transparency in supply chains, genuinely green products and green financial markets by using distributed ledger technology (DLT).
	Advancements in railway system management: A multifaceted approach As of the end of 2022, the Chinese high-speed railway network had surpassed 40,000 kilometers. However, the rapid expansion of this railway system has presented significant challenges to its operational department. Unforeseen external and internal factors can lead to deviations from the scheduled arrival and departure times of trains.

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