Science X Newsletter Mon, Oct 30

Dear manoj dole,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for October 30, 2023:

Technology news

	New analysis in Science explores artificial intelligence and interspecific law Artificial intelligence already wears multiple hats in the workplace, whether its writing ad copy, handling customer support requests, or filtering job applications. As the technology continues its ascent and capabilities, the notion of corporations managed or owned by AI becomes less far-fetched. The legal framework already exists to allow "Zero-member LLCs."
	California startup to 'sponge' CO2 from the atmosphere Scrubbing carbon dioxide from the air is imperative if humanity is to limit global warming, experts say, and a California startup says it can do just that, using limestone as a carbon-sucking sponge.
	New techniques efficiently accelerate sparse tensors for massive AI models Researchers from MIT and NVIDIA have developed two techniques that accelerate the processing of sparse tensors, a type of data structure that's used for high-performance computing tasks. The complementary techniques could result in significant improvements to the performance and energy-efficiency of systems like the massive machine-learning models that drive generative artificial intelligence.
	Innovative battery design delivers high energy density and sustainability A research team led by Professor Dennis Y. C. Leung of the University of Hong Kong (HKU)'s Department of Mechanical Engineering has achieved a major breakthrough in battery technology with the development of a high-performance quasi-solid-state magnesium-ion (Mg-ion) battery. This innovative design offers a sustainable, safe, and high-energy-density alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries, addressing the limitations of material scarcity and safety concerns.
	Using lasers to 'heat and beat' 3D-printed steel could help reduce costs Researchers have developed a new method for 3D printing metal that could help reduce costs and make more efficient use of resources.
	Monitoring nuclear weapons stockpiles with radio waves An international research team has proposed a new method for monitoring nuclear disarmament treaties. The IT security experts developed a mechanism that uses radio waves to remotely monitor whether any changes are being made in a specific room.
	Engineers develop an efficient process to make fuel from carbon dioxide The search is on worldwide to find ways to extract carbon dioxide from the air or from power plant exhaust and then make it into something useful. One of the more promising ideas is to make it into a stable fuel that can replace fossil fuels in some applications. But most such conversion processes have had problems with low carbon efficiency, or they produce fuels that can be hard to handle, toxic, or flammable.
	The brain may learn about the world the same way some computational models do To make our way through the world, our brain must develop an intuitive understanding of the physical world around us, which we then use to interpret sensory information coming into the brain.
	Accelerating AI tasks while preserving data security With the proliferation of computationally intensive machine-learning applications, such as chatbots that perform real-time language translation, device manufacturers often incorporate specialized hardware components to rapidly move and process the massive amounts of data these systems demand.
	Deepfakes in warfare: New concerns emerge from their use around the Russian invasion of Ukraine Visitors to a Ukrainian news website on the evening of February 18 2022, were greeted by a familiar sight, a video of their president giving a speech. While the resemblance was there, the face seemed slightly out of sync with the head of the Ukrainian president.
	New index rates transparency of ten foundation model companies, and finds them lacking Companies in the foundation model space are becoming less transparent, says Rishi Bommasani, Society Lead at the Center for Research on Foundation Models (CRFM), within Stanford HAI. For example, OpenAI, which has the word "open" right in its name, has clearly stated that it will not be transparent about most aspects of its flagship model, GPT-4.
	Subscription plan promises boosted replies at X, formerly Twitter X on Friday unveiled a $16-a-month subscription plan allowing users who pay more to get the biggest boost for their replies posted at the platform formerly known as Twitter.
	Heat pumps can't take the cold? Nordics debunk the myth By installing a heat pump in his house in the hills of Oslo, Oyvind Solstad killed three birds with one stone, improving his comfort, finances and climate footprint.
	UK prepares to host global leaders' gathering on AI The UK government will welcome foreign political leaders, tech industry figures, academics and others this week for a two-day summit billed as the first of its kind on artificial intelligence (AI).
	Heavy industry turns to carbon capture to clean up its act For decades heavy industry around Dunkirk in northern France has belched out millions of metric tons of climate-heating gases.
	Japan's first fully autonomous vehicle suspended Japan's first pilot project of a fully autonomous self-driving vehicle has been suspended after a minor accident with a parked bicycle, officials said Monday.
	Biden to unveil 'sweeping' action to reduce AI risks US President Joe Biden will unveil "sweeping" action on Monday aimed at regulating the use of artificial intelligence, the White House said, in an effort to reduce risks associated with the emerging technology.
	Browser extensions could capture passwords and sensitive info as plain text When you type a password or credit card number into a website, you expect that your sensitive data will be protected by a system designed to keep it secure.
	A study of connected vehicle technology The largest on-road trial of connected vehicle technology in Australia has found participants who used the technology for nine months approved of it in general and contributed significant feedback on further enhancement to the technology.
	Musk pulls plug on paying for X factchecks Elon Musk has said that corrections to posts on X would no longer be eligible for payment as the social network comes under mounting criticism as becoming a conduit for misinformation.
	Meta rolls out paid ad-free option for European Facebook and Insta users after privacy ruling Facebook and Instagram users in Europe are getting the option to pay for ad-free versions of the social media platforms as a way to comply with the continent's strict data privacy rules, parent company Meta said Monday.
	Researchers develop technology to protect EVs from chip 'noise' University of Texas at Dallas researchers have developed a first-of-its-kind technology to detect and reduce "noise" from electromagnetic interference (EMI) in electric vehicles. Such interference can cause malfunctions, such as providing incorrect navigation or compromising collision-avoidance systems.
	Computer scientists program robotic seeing-eye dog to guide the visually impaired Engineers from the Computer Science Department at Binghamton University, State University of New York have programmed a robot guide dog to assist the visually impaired. The robot responds to tugs on its leash.
	How to redesign social media algorithms to bridge divides Social media platforms have been implicated in conflicts of all scales, from urban gun violence to the storming of the US Capitol building on January 6 and civil war in South Sudan. Scientifically, it is difficult to tell how much social media can be blamed for one-off incidents.
	Business advantages of customers using 'personal fabrication' in 3D printing revealed in new study For years, the idea of a "3D business" only evoked images of 1950s theater patrons donning plastic goggles to watch a "stereoscopic" movie. Now the term is used more often to denote 3D printing that allows consumers to create their own items.
	Google CEO defends paying Apple and others to make Google the default search engine on devices Testifying in the biggest U.S. antitrust case in a quarter century, Google CEO Sundar Pichai defended his company's practice of paying Apple and other tech companies to make Google the default search engine on their devices, saying the intent was to make the user experience "seamless and easy.''
	Biden unveils AI order aiming to 'lead the way' on safety President Joe Biden issued an executive order Monday on regulating artificial intelligence, aiming for the United States to "lead the way" in global efforts to manage the technology's risks.
	New research will help strengthen vital infrastructure resilience against malevolent attacks As technology continues to advance, the likelihood of malevolent attacks and subsequent failures on society's critical infrastructures increases. Blackouts, water shortages, transport collapses—these potential threats to cities not only come with a hefty price tag but are likely to cause chaos and affect the health and safety of communities.
	Overhead catenary e-trucks: Lessons for the future of the technology Led by Fraunhofer ISI, the BOLD project provided scientific support accompanying three field trials and 12 other research projects on electric trucks powered by overhead lines. Together with ifeu and Öko-Institut, Fraunhofer ISI analyzed the acceptance of the technology, the opportunities and barriers in industry and the policy landscape as well as the climate and environmental impact of the technology.
	A Google Slides extension can make presentation software more accessible for blind users Screen readers, which convert digital text to audio, can make computers more accessible to many disabled users—including those who are blind, low vision or dyslexic. Yet slideshow software, such as Microsoft PowerPoint and Google Slides, isn't designed to make screen reader output coherent.
	New tool automates the formal verification of systems software Formal systems verification, which mathematically proves that code is secure in all circumstances, is a relatively new technology. Software is getting more complex and harder to get right using traditional software testing techniques. Making software correct, safe, and secure is becoming even more critical as the use of generative AI techniques like ChatGPT to automatically write programs increases. In fact, there will be even more need for verification to ensure those automatically generated programs are correct.
	Twitter takeover: 1 year later, X struggles with misinformation, advertising and usage decline One year ago, billionaire and new owner Elon Musk walked into Twitter's San Francisco headquarters with a white bathroom sink and a grin, fired its CEO and other top executives and began transforming the social media platform into what is now known as X.
	Stellantis, striking US auto union reach tentative deal Stellantis and the striking United Auto Workers union have reached a preliminary agreement on a new labor contract, the two sides said Saturday, allowing members to go back to work at grounded factories.
	Robot space maintenance based on human arm dynamics On-orbit assembly has become a crucial aspect of space operations, where the manipulator frequently and directly interacts with objects in a complex assembly process. The traditional manipulator control has limitations in adapting to diverse assembly tasks and is vulnerable to vibration, leading to assembly failure.
	Taiwan's Foxconn calls for 'confidence' in wake of Chinese tax probe Taiwan-based tech giant Foxconn said Monday its current operations were "normal", calling for confidence in the company after a tax probe launched by Chinese authorities.
	Australia's new dawn: Becoming a green superpower with a big role in cutting global emissions Australia has three ways it can help reduce world greenhouse emissions, the only reduction that matters in tackling climate change.
	US auto strike nears end as union, GM reach tentative deal A wave of strikes that disrupted the three largest US automakers for six weeks looked to have been finally resolved Monday, as the auto workers union reached a tentative agreement with holdout General Motors.
	Bankman-Fried faces prosecutors in US fraud trial Sam Bankman-Fried, founder of the collapsed cryptocurrency exchange FTX, faced a tough cross-examination on Monday, with US prosecutors chipping away at his denials of committing massive fraud.
	Attribute augmentation-based label integration for crowdsourcing Crowdsourcing provides an effective and low-cost way to collect labels from crowd workers. Due to the lack of professional knowledge, the quality of crowdsourced labels is relatively low. A common approach to addressing this issue is to collect multiple labels for each instance from different crowd workers and then a label integration method is used to infer its true label. However, almost all existing label integration methods merely make use of the original attribute information and do not pay attention to the quality of the multiple noisy label set of each instance.

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