Science X Newsletter Wed, Oct 4

Dear manoj dole,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for October 4, 2023:

Technology news

	Finger-shaped sensor enables more dexterous robots Imagine grasping a heavy object, like a pipe wrench, with one hand. You would likely grab the wrench using your entire fingers, not just your fingertips. Sensory receptors in your skin, which run along the entire length of each finger, would send information to your brain about the tool you are grasping.
	Study findings may dramatically lower the cost of producing green hydrogen According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), global hydrogen demand is expected to reach 530 million tons in 2050, a nearly six-fold increase from 2020.
	Study presents new method for explainable AI Artificial intelligence is already in widespread use, yet it is still difficult to understand how an AI system reaches its decisions. Scientists at the Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institut (HHI) and the Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data (BIFOLD) at TU Berlin have collaborated for many years to make AI explainable. Now the scientists led by Prof. Thomas Wiegand (Fraunhofer HHI, BIFOLD), Prof. Wojciech Samek (Fraunhofer HHI, BIFOLD) and Dr. Sebastian Lapuschkin (Fraunhofer HHI) have achieved another milestone.
	AI-powered chat assistance elevates online conversation quality, study finds Check the comments section of many social media and digital news platforms, and you're likely to find a cesspool of insults, threats and even harassment. In fact, a Pew Research Center survey found that 41% of American adults have personally experienced online harassment, and 1 in 5 adults say they've been harassed online for their political views.
	Scientists illuminate the mechanics of solid-state batteries As current courses through a battery, its materials erode over time. Mechanical influences such as stress and strain affect this trajectory, although their impacts on battery efficacy and longevity are not fully understood.
	Research team develops highly efficient solar cell that enables decentralized production of hydrogen Researchers around the world are working on more efficient methods for producing hydrogen. Hydrogen could make a decisive contribution to reducing the consumption of fossil raw materials, especially if it is produced using renewable energies. Existing technologies for producing climate-neutral hydrogen are still too inefficient or too expensive for broader application.
	'Electronic tongue' holds promise as possible first step to artificial emotional intelligence Can artificial intelligence (AI) get hungry? Develop a taste for certain foods? Not yet, but a team of Penn State researchers is developing a novel electronic tongue that mimics how taste influences what we eat based on both needs and wants, providing a possible blueprint for AI that processes information more like a human being.
	New technology could reduce lag, improve reliability of online gaming, meetings Whether you're battling foes in a virtual arena or collaborating with colleagues across the globe, lag-induced disruptions can be a major hindrance to seamless communication and immersive experiences.
	Got returns? Call Uber. The ride-hailing service is now offering to return parcels for a fee Uber is adding a new task to its list of services: mailing consumers' return packages.
	SoftBank's Son says AI will surpass human intelligence in a decade, urges Japanese firms to adopt it Softbank CEO Masayoshi Son on Wednesday said he believes artificial intelligence will surpass human intelligence within a decade, urging Japanese companies to adopt it or be left behind.
	A Chinese media scholar explains the Taoist philosophy behind the WeChat app's design Elon Musk's vision of Twitter, now rebranded as X, as an "everything app" is no secret. When the X logo replaced Twitter's blue bird, the internet buzzed with heated discussions about just what it would mean for X to be an everything app.
	Airlines are being hit by anti-greenwashing litigation—here's what makes them perfect targets A wave of anti-"greenwashing" litigation is seeking to hold major players in the aviation industry to account for sensational claims of being sustainable, low-carbon or contributing to net zero. While the industry has faced legal backlash in the past, the dramatic proliferation of these cases may spell disaster for major airlines.
	The dawn of domestic robots could dramatically cut gender inequality when it comes to household work Domestic work is vital for society to function. Meals need to be cooked, clothes and homes cleaned, and people need to be cared for. These tasks take time and, generally speaking, are not shared equally within households.
	Novel robots help understand how insects evolved two distinct strategies of flight Robots built by engineers at the University of California San Diego helped achieve a major breakthrough in understanding how insect flight evolved, as described in the journal Nature. The study is a result of a six-year long collaboration between roboticists at UC San Diego and biophysicists at the Georgia Institute of Technology.
	Insect cyborgs: Toward precision movement Insect cyborgs may sound like science fiction, but they're a relatively new development that uses electrical stimuli to control the movement of insects. These hybrid insect computer robots, as they are scientifically called, herald the future of small, highly mobile and efficient devices.
	Google packs more artificial intelligence into new Pixel phones, raises prices for devices by $100 Google on Wednesday unveiled a next-generation Pixel smartphones lineup that will be infused with more artificial intelligence tools capable of writing captions about photos that can also be altered by the technology.
	Meta expands generative AI tools to boost effectiveness of ads Meta Platforms Inc. is rolling out new generative AI tools for all advertisers, expanding on an earlier test of the features that let marketers create images and text more quickly.
	Fighting food waste: New system uses wireless signals in the sub-terahertz band to determine fruit ripeness One bad apple may not spoil the whole bunch, but when it comes to distributing food, a lot of good goes out with the bad.
	Improving accuracy, reliability and interpretability of distributed computing A new study by Botond Szabo (Bocconi Department of Decision Sciences) published in The Annals of Statistics lays the cornerstone for more accurate, reliable and interpretable distributed computing methods.
	Durable, low-emission vehicle components made from fiber-reinforced biopolymers Plastics have many positive properties: They are lightweight, durable and provide a wide range of design possibilities. However, conventional lightweight components made of fossil-based plastics offer great scope for reducing CO2 emissions.
	Using deep learning to classify steel materials objectively Rolling bearings are installed wherever something is in rotation. The wide range of applications extends from large wind turbines to small electric toothbrushes. These bearings, which consist of steel components, must be carefully selected and tested with regard to their quality and the application in question. The grain size has a crucial effect on the mechanical properties of the steel.
	Mathematical model predicts what is leached out of building facades by rain The plaster and mortar used in facades often contain heavy metals and biocides that leach out and infiltrate into the soil when it rains. The Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP has created a model that combines measurements of the substances that leach out with regional meteorological data.
	Checking items of clothing using a smartphone, AI and infrared spectroscopy Researchers at Fraunhofer have developed an ultra-compact near-infrared spectrometer suitable for recognizing and analyzing textiles. Mixed fabrics can also be reliably identified through the combination of imaging, special AI (artificial intelligence) algorithms and spectroscopy.
	Guarantees of optimality: A new model to help the manufacturing industry transition to renewables The sixth UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report, which came out in the spring of 2022, was clear: technologies are available now to make the transition away from a fossil-fueled economy. However, making these swift changes is not as simple as flipping a switch.
	Apple releases fix for issue causing the iPhone 15 to run 'warmer than expected' Apple has released an iOS 17 system update that includes a fix to prevent the iPhone 15 lineup from becoming uncomfortably hot.
	TikTok ends retail business in Indonesia after ban on social media shopping TikTok said it will halt its online retail operation in Indonesia on Wednesday to comply with the country's decision to ban e-commerce transactions on social media platforms—a big blow to the video platform's fastest-growing market.
	Farmers turn to solar power in Syria's former breadbasket At his farm in Syria's northeast, Abdullah al-Mohammed adjusts a large solar panel, one of hundreds that have cropped up over the years as farmers seek to stave off electricity shortages in the war-ravaged region.
	That blaring noise you heard? It was a test of the federal government's emergency alert system "THIS IS A TEST": If you have a cellphone or were watching television Wednesday, you should have seen that message flash across your screen as the federal government tested its emergency alert system used to tell people about emergencies.
	EU formally starts probe into Chinese electric cars subsidies The European Union said Wednesday that it had "sufficient evidence" of illegal Chinese electric car subsidies as it officially launched an inquiry that has enraged Beijing.
	Ford reports higher US auto sales amid strong demand Ford reported increased US quarterly sales Wednesday, reflecting strong demand despite higher interest rates in an auto market that has yet to see significant effects from a labor strike.
	Forget company car, France embraces the company bike As the popularity of cycling soars in France, a growing number of companies are giving employees the chance to ditch driving in favor of a greener, healthier alternative: the company bike.
	NASA studies human pilots to advance autonomous air taxis Air taxis may become an important part of the U.S. transportation ecosystem, quickly carrying people relatively short distances—and eventually some may fly without a pilot aboard. NASA is helping prepare for that future with research to ensure that fully autonomous flight technology is safe.
	How Dallas licked partisan politics and regional rivalries to land a coveted biotech hub By most metrics, Dallas was the underdog in the battle over the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health.
	Strike means strong US car sales may be on borrowed time Ford reported increased US quarterly sales Wednesday, rounding out a series of upbeat performance updates in a still-robust auto market that has yet to feel significant pain from a labor strike.
	Many Dutch municipalities do not yet respond adequately to security vulnerabilities, research finds Many local authorities respond too slowly or inadequately to reports about security vulnerabilities. These coordinated vulnerability disclosures (CVD reports) are often made by ethical hackers who aim to make the internet safer. While this process has improved in recent years, the study by the University of Twente and the Dutch Institute for Vulnerability Disclosure (DIVD) indicates that there is still much room for improvement for local authorities.

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