Science X Newsletter Wed, Feb 14

Dear manoj dole,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for February 14, 2024:

Technology news

	Engineers reveal chemicals responsible for 'black ice' on railway lines A new insight into how leaves transform into slippery layers on railway lines, causing delays for passengers and costing the rail industry millions of pounds every year, has been revealed by engineers at the University of Sheffield.
	Wormlike, limbless robots that navigate obstacle courses could be used for search and rescue one day Scientists have been trying to build snakelike, limbless robots for decades. These robots could come in handy in search-and-rescue situations, where they could navigate collapsed buildings to find and assist survivors.
	Novel metamaterial allows ultrasound detection of hidden structural faults A high-efficiency circular vibration/polarization ultrasonic conversion technology capable of detecting internal fractures, which can occur in various directions within a structure, has been developed by a joint research team led by Min-woo Kweun of the Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials and Yoon Young Kim of the Seoul National University College of Engineering.
	Amid artificial intelligence boom, AI girlfriends—and boyfriends—are making their mark A few months ago, Derek Carrier started seeing someone and became infatuated.
	Sony's profit rises on growing sales of music, games, pictures, sensors Japanese electronics and entertainment company Sony's profit rose 13% in October-December on growing sales of music, image sensors and video games, the company said Wednesday.
	AI giants to unveil pact to fight political deepfakes Tech giants including Meta, Microsoft, Google and OpenAI are working on a pact to jointly crack down on AI content intended to deceive voters ahead of crucial elections around the world this year, companies involved said Tuesday.
	With California mandating zero emissions, Bay Area agencies are split on hydrogen vs. electric In September, the governing board of Santa Cruz Metro made a big bet on the future of green public transit when it approved the purchase of 57 buses fueled by hydrogen—the largest order of hydrogen-fueled buses made so far in the U.S.
	Microsoft says US rivals are beginning to use generative AI in offensive cyber operations Microsoft said Wednesday that U.S. adversaries—chiefly Iran and North Korea and to a lesser extent Russia and China—are beginning to use its generative artificial intelligence to mount or organize offensive cyber operations.
	Lyft shares rocket 62% over a typo in the company's earnings release Lyft shares jumped 62% after the closing bell Tuesday thanks in part to a typo in the ride-hailing company's earnings release that appears to have sent investors' auto-trading algorithms—or "bots"—into a buying frenzy.
	World demand for liquefied natural gas jumps 50% by 2040: Shell British energy group Shell on Wednesday forecast that world demand for liquefied natural gas would jump more than 50 percent by 2040, fueled by China dumping coal.
	Perovskite solar cell technology goes greener with antinomy A team of researchers led by Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy (CHOSE), Electronic Engineering Department at Tor Vergata University of Rome has developed the first air-stable lead (Pb) and tin (Sn)-free perovskite solar modules, fabricated with an antimony (Sb)-based perovskite-inspired material (PIM) as the light absorber. The results are published in the journal ACS Energy Letters.
	Artificial intelligence needs to be trained on culturally diverse datasets to avoid bias Large language models (LLMs) are deep learning artificial intelligence programs, like OpenAI's ChatGPT. The capabilities of LLMs have developed into quite a wide range, from writing fluent essays, through coding to creative writing. Millions of people worldwide use LLMs, and it would not be an exaggeration to say these technologies are transforming work, education and society.
	Bringing AI up to speed—autonomous auto racing promises safer driverless cars on the road The excitement of auto racing comes from split-second decisions and daring passes by fearless drivers. Imagine that scene, but without the driver—the car alone, guided by the invisible hand of artificial intelligence. Can the rush of racing unfold without a driver steering the course? It turns out that it can.
	AI tools produce dazzling results—but do they really have 'intelligence'? Sam Altman, chief executive of ChatGPT-maker OpenAI, is reportedly trying to find up to US$7 trillion of investment to manufacture the enormous volumes of computer chips he believes the world needs to run artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Altman also recently said the world will need more energy in the AI-saturated future he envisions—so much more that some kind of technological breakthrough like nuclear fusion may be required.
	Five reasons to heat your home using infrared fabric Imagine heating your home from the ceiling, not from underfloor heating or radiators. Once installed like wallpaper, hi-tech infrared fabric emits heat in a similar way to the sun's rays. This could be a logical way to add low-carbon heat into existing homes that need retrofitting to improve energy efficiency.
	Four ways AI could help to respond to climate change—despite how much energy it uses Advanced AI systems are coming under increasing criticism for how much energy they use. But it's important to remember that AI could also contribute in various ways to our response to climate change.
	Online images reinforce gender stereotypes more than text: study Images on the internet reinforce gender stereotypes—such as doctors being men or nurses women—more than text, contributing to a lasting bias against women, a US-based study said Wednesday.
	Second new Georgia reactor begins splitting atoms in key step to making electricity A nuclear power plant in Georgia has begun splitting atoms in the second of its two new reactors, Georgia Power said Wednesday, a key step toward providing carbon-free electricity.
	Clean energy and conservation collide in California coastal waters Two of President Joe Biden's biggest priorities—conservation and the switch to clean energy—are colliding in the ocean off California's quiet Central Coast.
	GM is nearly doubling the road miles where drivers can use its partially automated driving system General Motors is adding about 350,000 miles (563,000 kilometers) of roadways in the U.S and Canada to the area where drivers can use the company's "Super Cruise" partially automated driving system.
	Mathematicians build an algorithm for 5G network slicing One of the features of 5G networks is so-called slicing, which is segmentation of the network. Physically, the network remains the same but is logically divided into slices depending on current requests. This approach guarantees a given level of signal quality. Resources are allocated dynamically to a specific segment: If some resources are not currently being used, they can be redirected to another segment.
	Battery manufacturing project develops novel laser patterning process to alter electrode microstructure Gotham City's Dark Knight boasts an impressive collection of technological marvels, but the superhero scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have cutting-edge capabilities of their own.
	Aim policies at hardware to ensure AI safety, say experts A global registry tracking the flow of chips destined for AI supercomputers is one of the policy options highlighted by a major new report calling for regulation of "compute"—the hardware that underpins all AI—to help prevent artificial intelligence misuse and disasters.
	Musk's X feeds monetization of wartime misinformation Influencers on X are monetizing misinformation about conflicts in the Middle East, leveraging the platform's contentious policies that researchers say prioritize engagement over accuracy.
	New phone? How to get your old one ready to pass on Does the act of removing the sim card from an old phone prevent anyone from accessing any of the personal information that might still be recoverable?
	German auto supplier Continental says to cut 7,150 jobs German auto supplier Continental said Wednesday it would cut some 7,150 posts worldwide by 2025 as the difficult switch to electric vehicles forces companies in the sector to retool.
	Italy fines BAT, Amazon over heated tobacco ads Italy's competition authority on Wednesday fined British American Tobacco's Italian division six million euros ($6.4 million) and Amazon one million euros for misleading advertising of a heated tobacco product.
	Cyberattacks on hospitals are likely to increase, putting lives at risk, experts warn Cybersecurity experts are warning that hospitals around the country are at risk for attacks like the one that is crippling operations at a premier Midwestern children's hospital, and that the U.S. government is doing too little prevent such breaches.
	Upscaling a technology for large-scale carbon storage SINTEF researchers are applying methodologies used to transport oil and gas in their efforts to upscale a technology for carbon capture and storage. This is good news for the climate.
	An AI analysis service platform for predicting outcomes in e-sports tournaments ETRI's researchers have developed an AI-powered e-sports analysis platform that provides real-time win rate prediction services by analyzing gameplay screens. This platform was notably applied to the highly popular League of Legends (LoL) during a recent international e-sports tournament, garnering positive feedback.
	Renault bounces back in 2023 with net profit of 2.2 bn euros French automaker Renault on Wednesday said it had bounced back into profit in 2023 as sales rose due to new models and price increases that helped it attain a record margin.

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