Science X Newsletter Wed, Feb 21

Dear manoj dole,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for February 21, 2024:

Technology news

	Quantum annealers and the future of prime factorization Researchers at the University of Trento, Italy, have developed a novel approach for prime factorization via quantum annealing, leveraging a compact modular encoding paradigm and enabling the factorization of large numbers using D-Wave quantum devices.
	Dual-energy harvesting device could power future wireless medical implants Implantable biomedical devices—like pacemakers, insulin pumps and neurostimulators—are becoming smaller and utilizing wireless technology, but hurdles remain for powering the next-generation implants. A new wireless charging device developed by Penn State scientists could dramatically improve powering capability for implants while still being safe for our bodies, the researchers said.
	Artificial intelligence recognizes and learns to predict patterns in behavior from video Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University, the University Hospital Bonn and the University of Bonn have created an open-source platform known as A-SOiD that can learn and predict user-defined behaviors, just from video. The results of the study have now been published in the journal Nature Methods.
	Automated method helps researchers quantify uncertainty in their predictions Pollsters trying to predict presidential election results and physicists searching for distant exoplanets have at least one thing in common: They often use a tried-and-true scientific technique called Bayesian inference.
	Charting new paths in AI learning: How changing two variables leads to vastly different outcomes In an era where artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming industries from health care to finance, understanding how these digital brains learn is more crucial than ever. Now, two researchers from EPFL, Antonia Sclocchi and Matthieu Wyart, have shed light on this process, focusing on a popular method known as Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD).
	Neural networks made of light: Research team develops AI system in optical fibers Artificial intelligence is pivotal in advancing biotechnology and medical procedures, ranging from cancer diagnostics to the creation of new antibiotics. However, the ecological footprint of large-scale AI systems is substantial. For instance, training extensive language models like ChatGPT-3 requires several gigawatt-hours of energy—enough to power an average nuclear power plant at full capacity for several hours.
	New 'water batteries' stay cool under pressure A global team of researchers and industry collaborators led by RMIT University has invented recyclable 'water batteries' that won't catch fire or explode.
	Researchers develop AI that can understand light in photographs Despite significant progress in developing AI systems that can understand the physical world like humans do, researchers have struggled with modeling a certain aspect of our visual system: the perception of light.
	Tiny power converters that run on vibrational energy University of California San Diego and CEA-Leti scientists have developed a ground-breaking piezoelectric-based DC-DC converter that unifies all power switches onto a single chip to increase power density. This new power topology, which extends beyond existing topologies, blends the advantages of piezoelectric converters with capacitive-based DC-DC converters.
	High persuasiveness of propaganda written by AI Research participants who read propaganda generated by the AI large language model GPT-3 davinci were nearly as persuaded as those who read real propaganda from Iran or Russia, according to a study published in the journal PNAS Nexus.
	3D printing promises more efficient ways to make custom explosives and rocket propellants Imagine you're driving to work on a rainy day, when a distracted, reckless driver hits your car out of nowhere. With a "boom," an air bag deploys faster than you can blink your eyes to save your life.
	Cybersecurity for satellites is a growing challenge as threats to space-based infrastructure grow In today's interconnected world, space technology forms the backbone of our global communication, navigation and security systems. Satellites orbiting Earth are pivotal for everything from GPS navigation to international banking transactions, making them indispensable assets in our daily lives and in global infrastructure.
	'It's frightening': YouTubers split over OpenAI's video tool Sora US firm OpenAI debuted a tool last week that can generate highly realistic snippets of video from just a few lines of text, leading content creators to wonder if they are the latest professionals about to be replaced by algorithms.
	New system combines human, artificial intelligence to improve experimentation Though artificial intelligence decreases human error in experimentation, human experts outperform AI when identifying causation or working with small data sets.
	Freezing electronics to control diamond spin qubits Researchers from Fujitsu and QuTech have developed new and ultra-cold electronic circuits to control diamond-based quantum bits. As a result of their joint research project, it becomes possible to build larger quantum computers, through overcoming the "wiring bottleneck," while maintaining high-quality performance.
	Cybersecurity and data protection: Does ChatGPT really make a difference? An analysis published in the Journal for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development has looked at the various approaches to cybersecurity and data protection taken by key global players, namely the European Union (EU), the United States of America (U.S.), and China.
	ChatGPT cranks out gibberish for hours ChatGPT spewed nonsensical answers to user's queries for hours Tuesday into Wednesday before eventually returning to its apparent senses.
	Semi-transparent perovskite solar cells achieve efficiency of 21.68% The Photovoltaics Research Department of the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), working with the KIER Energy AI and Computational Science Lab, has achieved advancements in the stability and efficiency of semi-transparent perovskite solar cells.
	Sodium-ion batteries: How doping works Sodium-ion batteries still have a number of weaknesses that could be remedied by optimizing the battery materials. One possibility is to dope the cathode material with foreign elements. A team from HZB and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin has now investigated the effects of doping with scandium and magnesium.
	New research suggests artificial intelligence agents can develop trust similar to that of humans Artificial intelligence (AI) has made great strides in the past few years, even months. New research in the journal Management Science finds that AI agents can build trust—like that of humans.
	An ultrafast SnO₂ passivation strategy for low-temperature manufacture of perovskite solar cells SnO2 has been widely used as electron transport layers (ETLs) for efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its high transparency, high electron mobility, and favorable band alignment. PSCs based on chemical bath deposition (CBD)-prepared SnO2 have demonstrated the best performance so far.
	Kiribati's government not responsible for viral post, sorry It was too good to be true. The government of Kiribati on Wednesday said it was not responsible for a light-hearted social media smackdown that went viral, prompting laughs around the world.
Biden is boosting cybersecurity at US ports, where online attacks can be more ravaging than storms President Joe Biden on Wednesday signed an executive order and created a federal rule aimed at better securing the nation's ports from potential cyberattacks.
	Researchers develop automated toolchain for future mobility Development of embedded electronic systems for future mobility, be it self-driving cars or autonomous air taxis, depends on complex processing and application services. To better manage this challenge, eight European partners have developed an automated toolchain within the XANDAR collaboration coordinated by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).
	In-depth analysis: Automated machine learning from the perspective of bilevel optimization Recently, professors Risheng Liu from Dalian University of Technology and Zhouchen Lin from Peking University collaborated on an opinion article published in the National Science Review (NSR). Their article delves deeply into AutoML from the perspective of bilevel optimization, achieving unified modeling of various AutoML tasks while exploring challenges and opportunities. This article will be included in the NSR's special topic on "Automating Machine Learning."

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